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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 100mg 100mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
L01AA09 BENDAVIVAL G Bendamustine HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 26,072,618 L.L
L01EX09 OFEV B Nintedanib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, soft 100,972,184 L.L
L01AC01 TEPADINA G Thiotepa - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 98,197,306 L.L
N05AA01 CHLORPROMAZINE G Chlorpromazine HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet 529,858 L.L
N05AA01 CHLORPROMAZINE G Chlorpromazine HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet 8,719,720 L.L
L01AX03 TEMODAL B Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule 7,731,224 L.L
L01AX03 TEGOZOL G Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule 5,012,533 L.L
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE ACCORD G Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 5,590,385 L.L
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE GP PHARM G Temozolomide - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 4,511,279 L.L
L01AX03 TEGOZOL G Temozolomide - 20mg 100mg Capsule 1,022,664 L.L
L04AB02 IXIFI BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 23,911,751 L.L
L04AB02 REMICADE BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 30,111,023 L.L
L04AB02 REMSIMA BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 24,943,134 L.L
N05AH02 LEPONEX B Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,975,448 L.L
N05AH02 CLOZAPINE PANPHARMA G Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 808,993 L.L
N05AH02 LANOLEPT G Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,482,258 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard L.L
C07AB03 TENORMIN B Atenolol - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 279,519 L.L
C07AB03 ATONIUM G Atenolol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 461,207 L.L
L01BA04 ALIMTA B Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 16,854,009 L.L
N06BA07 MODAFINIL ARROW G Modafinil - 100mg 100mg Tablet 5,361,932 L.L
C07AB03 BLOKIUM 100MG G Atenolol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 377,620 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED NEAPOLIS G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable solution 10,554,169 L.L
J01XE01 NITROFURANTOIN G Nitrofurantoin - 100mg 100mg Tablet 972,942 L.L
J01XE01 UVAMIN RETARD G Nitrofurantoin (macrocrystals) - 100mg 100mg Capsule 392,402 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 135,545,977 L.L
L01FD04 ENHERTU BioTech Trastuzumab deruxtecan - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 178,517,964 L.L
R03DA05 AMINOPHYLLINE G Aminophylline - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 445,388 L.L
M02AA31 ROXONIN TAPE B Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate - 100mg 100mg Patch 896,343 L.L
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