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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J02AC04 NOXAFIL B Posaconazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet, gastroresistant 62,027,714 L.L
J02AC05 CRESEMBA B Isavuconazonium sulfate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 69,290,804 L.L
N03AA02 GARDENAL B Phenobarbital - 100mg 100mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N03AB02 EPANUTIN B Phenytoin sodium - 100mg 100mg Capsule 739,113 L.L
N03AB02 EPANUTIN B Phenytoin sodium - 100mg 100mg Capsule 739,113 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN MEDAC G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 7,841,801 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINE VIATRIS 5MG/ML G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 6,932,000 L.L
J02AX05 MEGMENTO G Micafungin (sodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 17,158,569 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINO GP PHARM G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 6,197,802 L.L
J02AX06 ECALTA B Anidulafungin - 100mg 100mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 16,977,343 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 5,915,595 L.L
H02AB09 HYDROCORTISON VUAB G Hydrocortisone hydrogenosuccinate - 100mg 100mg Injectable dry powder for solution 147,823 L.L
H02AB09 HYDROCORTISONE ORBUCELL G Hydrocortisone (sodium succinate) - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder 1,091,712 L.L
G03DA04 UTROGESTAN B Progesterone micronised natural - 100mg 100mg Capsule 525,442 L.L
G03DA04 UTROGESTAN B Progesterone micronised natural - 100mg 100mg Capsule 525,442 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE ARROW LAB G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 1,050,885 L.L
G03DA04 UTROGESTAN B Progesterone micronised natural - 100mg 100mg Capsule 525,442 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE BIOGARAN G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, dispersible 1,233,647 L.L
G03DA04 PROGEST G Progesterone micronised - 100mg 100mg Capsule, soft gelatin 368,213 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE NORMON G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 2,284,532 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,741,209 L.L
N03AX09 LEPIGINE G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 1,163,768 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINE B Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 878,873 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOGEN G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable solution 5,239,642 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE ARROW LAB G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 588,603 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOGEN G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable solution 5,239,642 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
L01XK01 LYNPARZA B Olaparib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 230,789,350 L.L
G03DA04 ENDOMETRIN B Progesterone - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,776,379 L.L
M01AB01 INDOCID B Indometacin - 100mg 100mg Suppository 424,910 L.L
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