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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01EF01 PALBOMED G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 23,911,751 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 100 G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 168,011,222 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
N03AX16 GABRIKA 100 G Pregabalin - 100mg 100mg Capsule 798,626 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 100 G Pregabalin - 100mg 100mg Capsule 998,283 L.L
L01EF03 VERZENIO B Abemaciclib - 100mg 100mg Tablet 76,122,299 L.L
L01BC07 VIDAZA B Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder L.L
N03AX18 VIMPAT B Lacosamide - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 7,835,296 L.L
N06AB06 PMS-SERTRALINE G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Capsule 2,015,764 L.L
N03AX18 LACOSAMIDE/GENEPHARM G Lacosamide - 100mg 100mg Tablet 4,856,647 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRA TAD G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,124,796 L.L
N06AB06 SOLOTIK G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 616,824 L.L
C03DA01 ALDACTONE B Spironolactone - 100mg 100mg Tablet 458,250 L.L
M01AE03 PROFENID B Ketoprofen - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 469,001 L.L
N06AB08 FAVERIN B Fluvoxamine maleate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film-scored 1,291,433 L.L
M01AE03 BI-PROFENID LP B Ketoprofen - 100mg 100mg Tablet, prolonged release 392,402 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL RETARD B Tramadol HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, modified release 236,516 L.L
M01AE03 PROFENID B Ketoprofen - 100mg 100mg Suppository 321,178 L.L
A07FA02 ULTRA LEVURE B Saccharomyces boulardii - 100mg 100mg Powder for suspension 536,193 L.L
A07XA04 HIDRASEC B Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 411,216 L.L
L01EL02 CALQUENCE B Acalabrutinib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 650,653,454 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL ARROW G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 583,228 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL BGR G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 575,165 L.L
A07XA04 RACECADOTRIL BIOGARAN CONSEIL G Racecadotril - 100mg 100mg Capsule 287,582 L.L
N04BB01 PK-MERZ B Amantadine (sulfate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,382,814 L.L
N04BB01 SYMMETREL B Amantadine - 100mg 100mg Capsule 568,253 L.L
M01AH01 CELECOXIB BIOGARAN G Celecoxib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 318,491 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
L01AA09 RIBOMUSTIN B Bendamustine HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 31,939,807 L.L
L01AA09 RIBOMUSTIN B Bendamustine HCl - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 31,939,807 L.L
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