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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01FA01 MABIXEN 100 BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 11,091,696 L.L
L01FA01 MABTHERA BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 35,722,424 L.L
L01FA01 RITUXIREL BioTech Rituximab - 100mg 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 11,708,063 L.L
L01FA01 RIXATHON BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 27,354,833 L.L
L01FA01 RUXIENCE BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 13,157,756 L.L
L01FA01 TRUXIMA BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 31,060,158 L.L
L01FA01 ZYTUX BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 16,463,240 L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 117,224,380 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 47,779,251 L.L
V03AF03 CALCIUMFOLINAT EBEWE G Calcium folinate - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,289,872 L.L
M01AE03 KETOPROFENE MACOPHARMA G Ketoprofen - 100mg/100ml 100mg/100ml Injectable solution 329,241 L.L
L01EA04 BOSULIF B Bosutinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 35,663,747 L.L
L01EB02 APO-ERLOTINIB G Erlotinib (HCl) - 100mg 100mg Tablet 79,672,726 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 77,379,009 L.L
L01EB02 TARESSA 100 G Erlotinib (HCl) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 82,247,256 L.L
A10BH01 JANUVIA B Sitagliptin - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,884,067 L.L
A10BH01 SAGIFOR G Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,242,606 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 100mg 100mg Tablet, coated 1,154,361 L.L
L04AB02 IXIFI BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet 403,677,371 L.L
G04BE03 VIAGRA B Sildenafil (citrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 2,089,675 L.L
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL ARROW LAB G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,427,161 L.L
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL ARROW LAB G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 3,192,970 L.L
G04BE03 TOURNES G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,531,656 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,740,596 L.L
G04BE03 VIRECTA G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 584,571 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
C09CA01 LOSANET G Losartan potassium - 100mg 100mg Tablet 395,474 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
C09CA01 LOSARTAN BIOGARAN G Losartan potassium - 100mg 100mg Tablet, coated 439,436 L.L
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