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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01BA04 PEMETREXED STRAGEN G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 12,759,187 L.L
L01FF02 KEYTRUDA BioTech Pembrolizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable solution 241,744,802 L.L
L01FG01 AVASTIN BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrated solution 24,533,456 L.L
L01FG01 BEVACIREL BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable solution 14,719,570 L.L
L01FG01 BIVASTINA 100 BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 22,840,337 L.L
L01FG01 BIVASTINA 100 BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 12,021,318 L.L
L01FG01 MVASI BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 17,173,671 L.L
L01FG01 STIVANT BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 14,719,570 L.L
L01FG01 ZIRABEV BioTech Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable solution 14,800,115 L.L
L01XX44 ZALTRAP BioTech Aflibercept - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 35,658,713 L.L
L01XX44 ZALTRAP BioTech Aflibercept - 100mg/4ml 100mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 35,658,713 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL 100MG B Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 243,235 L.L
N02AX02 MABRON G Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 146,479 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMADOL ARROW G Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 318,491 L.L
M01AE03 HUMFINE G Ketoprofen - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 3,514,148 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMADOL NORMON G Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 169,324 L.L
N05AF05 CLOPIXOL ACUPHASE B Zuclopenthixol acetate - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 857,372 L.L
G03DA04 BIOGEST BioTech Progesterone, bio-identical - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,328,879 L.L
L01FE01 ERBITUX BioTech Cetuximab - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution L.L
N04BC07 DACEPTON G Apomorphine HCl Hemihydrate - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 12,678,532 L.L
L01FE01 ERBITUX BioTech Cetuximab - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 24,001,769 L.L
C07AG01 LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION G Labetalol HCl - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 2,955,110 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE AGUETTANT 5MG/ML G Bupivacaine HCl - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 3,078,743 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L01CD01 PACLITAXEL MYLAN PHARMA 6MG/ML G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrated powder for solution 21,556,419 L.L
L01CD01 PANATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrated solution 7,071,670 L.L
L01CD01 PATAXEL G Paclitaxel - 100mg/16.7ml 100mg/16.7ml Injectable concentrate for solution 8,500,054 L.L
L01FA01 RITUXIREL BioTech Rituximab - 100mg 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
L01FF01 OPDIVO BioTech Nivolumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
L01FA01 MABIXEN 100 BioTech Rituximab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 22,183,393 L.L
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