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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX14 LEPITAM G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,336,163 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETIRACETAM ARROW G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,639,488 L.L
N03AX14 LEVETRIMED G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,336,163 L.L
N03AX14 LEVIPRAM G Levetiracetam - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 1,285,609 L.L
J06BD01 SYNAGIS BioTech Palivizumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 57,429,464 L.L
N06BX06 CEROLINE G Citicoline - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 894,615 L.L
N06BX06 TRAUSAN G Citicoline - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Drops solution 807,649 L.L
L04AC16 TREMFYA BioTech Guselkumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 190,195,151 L.L
L04AC16 TREMFYA BioTech Guselkumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 190,195,151 L.L
L04AD01 SANDIMMUN NEORAL B Ciclosporin - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 8,264,592 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium valproate - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 4,441,399 L.L
D04AB01 XYLOCAINE B Lidocaine - 10mg/spray dose 100mg/ml Spray 667,890 L.L
V03AB35 BRIDION B Sugammadex - 200mg/2ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 54,230,830 L.L
A07AA11 NORMIX SIROP B Rifaximin alpha - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Granules for suspension 477,064 L.L
M01AE01 BRUFEN B Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Syrup 364,181 L.L
M01AE01 CHILDREN'S ADVIL B Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 370,901 L.L
M01AE01 CAPTAIN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 335,321 L.L
M01AE01 FEBRIDEX ELIXIR G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Elixir 262,369 L.L
M01AE01 FEVERAL G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 309,724 L.L
M01AE01 IBUSOL G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 309,724 L.L
M01AE01 PEDIAFEN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 200,936 L.L
M01AE01 PROFINAL G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 208,296 L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
B03AC VENOFER I.V. B Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,594,779 L.L
B03AC FER PANPHARMA G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,315,441 L.L
B03AC FER PANPHARMA G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,315,441 L.L
B03AC FEROMAX G Iron trivalent (hydroxide sucrose complex) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,213,309 L.L
B03AC FERRASIL G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,194,047 L.L
B03AC IVIRON G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,745,203 L.L
L01BC01 ALEXAN G Cytarabine - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
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