Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
M03BA53	METHOFEN PLATINUM	G	Ibuprofen - 200mg, Methocarbamol - 500mg	Tablet	668,082 L.L
S01GA04	ALERJON	G	Oxymetazoline HCl -	Drops solution	528,130 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l	Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
M03BB52	TRANCODEX	G	Paracetamol - 450mg, Chlormezanone - 100mg	Tablet	99,828 L.L
N02BE51	REMIDOL	G	Paracetamol - 650mg, Dextromethorphan HBr - 20mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg	Granules for solution	537,537 L.L
N06DA52	EXENTAZIL	G	Donepezil - 10mg, Memantine - 28mg	Capsule	4,363,009 L.L
S01GA51	NAPHCON A	B	Naphazoline HCl - 0.025%, Pheniramine maleate - 0.3%	Drops solution	369,557 L.L
A07FA51	INFLORAN	B	Bifidobacterium infantis - 1milliard, Lactobacillus acidophilus - 1milliard	Capsule	647,732 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
D11AX	TRIO-2000	G	Hydroquinone - 4%, Tretinoin - 0.05%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	Ointment	2,495,068 L.L
M03BB53	PARAXONE-JPI	G	Paracetamol - 300mg, Chlorzoxazone - 250mg	Capsule	334,617 L.L
N02BE51	HUMEXLIB PARACETAMOL CHLORPHENAMINE	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg	Capsule	598,010 L.L
N06DA52	MEXAZIL XR 28/10	G	Memantine HCl - 28mg, Donepezil HCl - 10mg	Capsule	4,333,444 L.L
S01GA52	TRILLERG	G	Antazoline HCl - 0.5mg, Tetryzoline HCl - 0.4mg	Drops solution	310,428 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
M03BB53	RELAXON	G	Paracetamol - 300mg, Chlorzoxazone - 250mg	Capsule	296,989 L.L
N02BE51	PANADOL COLD AND FLU	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg	Tablet	278,175 L.L
N06DA52	EXENTAZIL	G	Donepezil - 10mg, Memantine - 14mg	Capsule	3,117,715 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C09DA01	HYZAAR	B	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet	1,523,022 L.L
M03BC51	NORGESIC	B	Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine (citrate) - 35mg	Tablet	412,560 L.L
N02BE51	HUMEX RHUME	B	Pseudoephedrine HCl (tablet) - 60mg, Paracetamol (tablet) - 500mg, Paracetamol (capsule) - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate (capsule) - 4mg	Tablet, capsule	467,657 L.L
N06DA52	MEXAZIL XR 14/10	G	Memantine HCl - 14mg, Donepezil HCl - 10mg	Capsule	3,432,174 L.L
B05XA	PEDITRACE	B	Sodium selenite 5H2O (anhydrous) - 6.66mcg/ml, Sodium fluoride - 126mcg/ml, Potassium iodide - 1.31mcg/ml, Zinc chloride - 521mcg/ml, Copper chloride - 53.7mcg/ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 3.6mcg/ml	Injectable concentrated solution	4,749,139 L.L
C09DA01	LOSANET-H	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet	395,474 L.L
M03BC51	MUSCEROL 2	G	Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine (citrate) - 35mg	Tablet, scored	177,899 L.L
N02BE71	PYRETHAL	G	Paracetamol - 200mg, Phenobarbital - 20mg	Suppository	147,183 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ARROW LAB	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	470,345 L.L
M03BC51	MUSCEROL EXTRA	G	Caffeine - 15mg, Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine citrate - 35mg	Tablet, scored	267,489 L.L