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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DA01 LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BGR G Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, coated 439,436 L.L
M03BC51 MUSCEROL 3 G Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine citrate - 35mg, Ibuprofen - 200mg Tablet, film coated 593,850 L.L
B03AA07 TIMOFEROL G Iron bivalent (as dried ferrous sulfate) - 50mg (172.73mg), Ascorbic acid - 30mg Capsule 652,931 L.L
C09DA01 LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE REMEDICA G Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 635,638 L.L
M03BX DORIXINA RELAX B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 581,884 L.L
N02BG09 PENTHROX INHALER B Methoxyflurane - Inhalation 21,080,096 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL NOURRISSON G Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg Suppository 496,170 L.L
A08AA62 CONTRAVE B Naltrexone Hydrochloride - 8mg, Bupropion Hydrochloride - 90mg Tablet, prolonged release 11,653,550 L.L
B03AB ENRICH N G Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose complex) - 156.25mg/5ml Syrup 279,519 L.L
C09DA01 HYZAAR B Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,740,596 L.L
R05 EXALL FORTE G Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2.5mg, Guaifenesin - 100mg, Acetaminophen - 100mg, Diprophylline - 25mg Syrup 501,701 L.L
C09DA01 LOSANET-H FORTE G Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 395,474 L.L
D11AX01 REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN B Minoxidil - 5% Foam 1,370,719 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL ENFANT G Grindelia extract - 20mg, Gelsenium extract - 10mg Suppository 575,270 L.L
C09DA01 LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ARROW LAB G Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 470,345 L.L
D11AX01 REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN B Minoxidil - 5% Foam 3,090,838 L.L
R05C PULMONAL SIROP G Belladona tincture - 0.5g/5ml, Drosera tincture - 2g/5ml, Ammonium bromide - 2g/5ml, Sodium benzoate - 2g/5ml Syrup 148,463 L.L
C09DA01 LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BGR G Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, coated 439,436 L.L
R05C SULDEX G Caffein anyhdrous - 0.216g, Antipyrine - 0.972g, Potassium sulfaguaiacolate - 1.44g Syrup 152,302 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 602,041 L.L
R05CA ASPECTON COUGH SYRUP G Thyme soft extract - 6.69g/100ml Syrup 588,603 L.L
C09DA03 VIOSTAN PLUS 80/12.5 G Valsartan - 80mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 547,520 L.L
C09DA03 CO-DIOVAN B Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 846,621 L.L
D11AX18 LABDIC RELIEF G Diclofenac sodium - 1%w/w, Methyl salicylate - 8%w/w, Menthol - 2%w/w Gel 263,393 L.L
N02CC04 MAXALT B Rizatriptan (benzoate) - 10mg Tablet 439,436 L.L
C09DA03 ARBITEN PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 544,256 L.L
C09DA03 CO-ANGINET G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
R05CA12 PROSPAN ACUTE EFFERVESCENT COUGH TABLETS B Dried Ivy leaf extract - 65mg Tablet, effervescent 479,752 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 10,000 B Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U Capsule 1,835,689 L.L
C09DA03 CO-TABUVAN G Valsartan - 160mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
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