Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
S01BC04	FLUROPTIC	G	Flurbiprofen sodium - 0.03% w/v	0.03% w/v	Drops solution	223,078 L.L
S01BC04	EDOLFENE	B	Flurbiprofen sodium - 0.03%	0.03%	Drops solution	388,370 L.L
J07AP03	TYPHIM VI	B	Salmonella typhi polysaccharides - 0.025mg/0.5ml	0.025mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	1,118,077 L.L
D10AD01	TRETINOIN	G	Tretinoin - 0.025%	0.025%	Solution	564,414 L.L
S01EE06	VYZULTA	B	Latanoprostene bunod - 0.024%	0.024%	Solution	1,948,572 L.L
D01AC01	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.01g/ml	0.01g/ml	Solution	368,213 L.L
D01AC01	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.01g/g	0.01g/g	Cream	344,024 L.L
S01EB02	MIOSTAT STERIL INTRAOCULAR	B	Carbachol - 0.01%	0.01%	Solution	8,117,591 L.L
G03CA03	MONTADIOL	G	Estradiol - 0.01%	0.01%	Cream	1,105,982 L.L
D03AX06	BECAPLEX	BioTech	Becaplermin - 40mg	0.01%	Gel	38,029,953 L.L
S01EE01	API-LOPROST	G	Latanoprost - 0.005%	0.005%	Drops	447,500 L.L
S01EE04	TRAVATAN	B	Travoprost - 40mcg/ml	0.004%	Drops solution	806,306 L.L
S01EE04	TRAVONORM	G	Travoprost - 0.004%	0.004%	Drops	564,414 L.L
H01AC01	GENOTROPIN	BioTech	Somatropin recombinant - 5.3mg/1.15ml	5.3mg/1.15ml	Injectable powder for solution+diluent	4,724,854 L.L
M05BA08	ZOLEDRONIC ACID HIKMA	G	Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 4mg/5ml	4mg/5ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	9,098,466 L.L
C09BB07	RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON	G	Ramipril - 2.5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,358,625 L.L
J07AL02	PREVENAR 20	B	Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 , 6A, 7F,8, 9V,10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F,22F, 23F, 33F (2.2mcg) Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 6B (4.4mcg)Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein (approximately 51mcg) adsorbed on aluminium phosphate (0.125mg aluminium) -		Injectable suspension	7,415,107 L.L
A10BD20	EMPAZIMET	G	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg		Tablet, film coated	1,840,168 L.L
C09BB07	RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON	G	Ramipril - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,358,625 L.L
J07AL02	VAXNEUVANCE	B	Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 , 6A, 7F, 9V,14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F,33F (2mcg) Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 6B (4.4mcg) Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminium phosphate adjuvant -		Injectable suspension	6,988,413 L.L
A06AD61	SOFLAX	G	Lactose - less than 6g/100ml, Galactose - less than 11g/100ml, Lactulose - 67g/100ml		Solution	258,018 L.L
A10BD20	FLORIMET 5/1000	G	Metformin - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg		Tablet, film coated	1,836,585 L.L
C09BB07	RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON	G	Ramipril - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,358,625 L.L
A06AD65	FORTRANS POUDRE POUR SOLUTION BUVABLE	B	Potassium chloride - 0.750g, Sodium chloride - 1460g, Sodium bicarbonate - 1680g, Sodium sulfate anhydrous - 5700g, Macrogol 4000 - 64.000g		Powder for solution	927,251 L.L
A10BD21	ENFORZA	B	Saxagliptin HCl - 5mg, Dapagliflozin - 10mg		Tablet, film coated	6,072,824 L.L
C09BB07	RAMIPRIL/AMLODIPINE GENERICON	G	Ramipril - 10mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Capsule, hard	1,358,625 L.L
J07AP03	TYPHIBEV TYPHOID CONJUGATED VACCINE (MONOVALENT)	B	Salmonella typhi polysaccharides Vi purified - 25mcg of Vi-PS2/0.5ml		Injectable suspension	4,020,777 L.L
A06AD65	MOVICOL	B	Potassium chloride - 0.0466g, Sodium chloride - 0.3507g, Sodium bicarbonate - 0.1785g, Macrogol 3350 - 13.125g		Powder for solution	853,340 L.L
C09BX01	TRIPLIXAM	B	Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Indapamide - 1.25mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet, film coated	968,910 L.L
D07CA01	HYDROMYCINE	G	Neomycin sulfate - 0.005g/g, Hydrocortisone acetate - 0.01g/g		Cream	238,052 L.L