Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
S01BA07	OPTILONE	G	Fluorometholone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	309,084 L.L
D11AH01	TACRUS	G	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Ointment	1,857,190 L.L
S01BC01	INDOCOLLYRE	B	Indometacine - 5mg/5ml	0.1%	Drops	408,528 L.L
S01BC03	DICLOFTIL	G	Diclofenac sodium - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	1,038,790 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	0.1%	Injectable solution	397,777 L.L
S01GX09	PATANOL	B	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	873,498 L.L
S01GX09	CONJYCLEAR	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	510,660 L.L
S01GX09	OLOPAT	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	524,099 L.L
S01GX09	OLOPAT UD	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	1,523,917 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
B05XA01	CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM PROAMP	G	Potassium chloride - 0.0746g/ml	0.0746g/ml	Injectable concentrated solution	1,252,461 L.L
G03CA03	OESTRODOSE	B	Estradiol (17 bêta estradiol anhydre) - 0.06%	0.06%	Gel	642,357 L.L
C01AA05	LANOXIN PG	B	Digoxin - 0.05mg/ml	0.05mg/ml	Elixir	307,740 L.L
D07AD01	DERMOVATE	B	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05% w/w	Cream	290,270 L.L
D07AD01	DERMOVATE	B	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05% w/w	Ointment	290,270 L.L
D07AC01	DIPROSONE	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05%	Cream	291,614 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Solution	260,705 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Metered dose spray	155,886 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Metered dose spray	108,851 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Drops	181,419 L.L
D07AD01	CLOBEVAT	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
D07AD01	DECLOBAN	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	302,045 L.L
D07AD01	DERMASONE	G	Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05%	0.05%	Cream	119,026 L.L