Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
H01CC02	CETROTIDE	B	Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	3,420,079 L.L
C01AA05	LANOXIN	B	Digoxin - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet	215,015 L.L
L01XK04	TALZENNA	B	Talazoparib - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Capsule	133,836,699 L.L
N05BA12	ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN	G	Alprazolam - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet, scored	115,570 L.L
A11CC03	ONE-ALPHA	B	Alfacalcidol - 0.25mcg	0.25mcg	Capsule	1,138,235 L.L
D03AX	RENEBO	G	?-sitosterol - 0.25% w/w	0.25% w/w	Ointment	456,906 L.L
D07AC18	PEITEL	B	Prednicarbate - 0.25%	0.25%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D03AX	MEBO	B	?-sitosterol - 0.25%	0.25%	Ointment	760,615 L.L
D03AX	HEALIN B	G	?-sitosterol - 0.25%	0.25%	Ointment	849,820 L.L
J01MA02	CIPROX	G	Ciprofloxacine (lactate) - 200mg/100ml	0.2%w/v	Injectable solution	520,067 L.L
C05AE01	RECTOGESIC	G	Glyceryl trinitrate - 0.2% w/w	0.2% w/w	Ointment	2,553,301 L.L
S01EA05	BRIMOGAN	G	Brimonidine tartrate - 0.2% w/v	0.2% w/v	Drops solution	483,783 L.L
S01EA05	BGLAU	G	Brimonidine tartrate - 0.2%	0.2%	Drops solution	638,325 L.L
S01EA05	BRIMO	G	Brimonidine tartrate - 0.2%	0.2%	Drops solution	658,483 L.L
S01EA05	BRIMONIDINE BIOGARAN	G	Brimonidine tartrate - 2mg/ml	0.2%	Drops solution	412,560 L.L
C01CA03	NORADRENALINE RENAUDIN	G	Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml	0.2%	Injectable solution	2,000,981 L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN	B	Octreotide - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,038,790 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATEAGUETTANT	G	Atropine - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	7,805,376 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
C01CA24	ADRENALINE AGUETTANT	G	Adrenaline - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Injectable solution	13,990,891 L.L
N01AH01	FENTANYL PANPHARMA	G	Fentanyl - 0.1mg/2ml	0.1mg/2ml	Injectable solution	1,101,951 L.L
L02AE04	DECAPEPTYL	B	Triptorelin - 0.1mg	0.1mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	2,366,507 L.L
L02AE04	GONAPEPTYL	B	Triptorelin acetate - 0.1mg	0.1mg	Injectable solution	4,637,600 L.L
G01AF02	CANESTEN	B	Clotrimazole - 0.1g	0.1g	Tablet	408,528 L.L
S01BA15	ILUVIEN	B	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.19mg	0.19mg	Implant	629,182,630 L.L
N04BC05	SIFROL	B	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg	0.18mg	Tablet	631,606 L.L
N04BC05	PRAMIPEXOLE BIOGARAN	G	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg	0.18mg	Tablet	440,780 L.L
M01AE03	SOLKET INFLAMMATION AND PAIN	G	Ketoprofen Lysine salt - 0.16%	0.16%	Spray	946,065 L.L
B05XA05	SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM PROAMP	G	Magnesium sulfate - 0.15g/ml	0.15g/ml	Injectable solution	1,400,284 L.L