Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N02BA01	ASPIRINE	B	Acetylsalicylic acid - 300mg	0.3g	Tablet	80,631 L.L
N04BC05	SIFROL ER	B	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.375mg	0.375mg	Tablet, extended release	473,033 L.L
R06AD08	TOPLEXIL	B	Oxomemazine HCl - 0.33mg/ml	0.33mg/ml	Syrup	615,480 L.L
D10AD03	DIFADERM	G	Adapalene - 0.3%	0.3%	Gel	952,208 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRASTILL	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	258,018 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	169,324 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Ointment	280,863 L.L
S01AA23	NETTACIN	B	Netilmicin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	681,328 L.L
S01AA23	NETTACIN	B	Netilmicin - 0.3%	0.3%	Ointment	593,978 L.L
S01AE01	OFLOX	B	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	0.3%	Drops solution	366,869 L.L
S01AE01	OFLOX	B	Ofloxacin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	366,869 L.L
A03AB02	GLYCOPYRROLATE	B	Glycopyronium Bromide - 0.2mg/ml	0.2mg/ml	Injectable solution	7,238,185 L.L
C02AC05	CYNT	B	Moxonidine - 0.2mg	0.2mg	Tablet, film coated	901,735 L.L
D10AX03	SKINOREN	B	Azelaic acid - 0.2g/g	0.2g/g	Cream	722,987 L.L
A11CC06	HIDROFEROL	G	Calcifediol - 0.266mg	0.266mg	Capsule, soft	1,316,966 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE I.V. 0.25 MG.	G	Atropine - 0.25mg/ml	0.25mg/ml	Injectable solution	2,412,129 L.L
S01GX08	ZALERG	G	Ketotifen - 0.25mg/ml	0.25mg/ml	Drops solution	446,156 L.L
B01AC17	AGGRASTAT	B	Tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate - 0.25mg/ml	0.25mg/ml	Injectable concentrated solution	18,280,324 L.L
D07AC04	FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE	G	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.25mg/g	0.25mg/g	Cream	296,925 L.L
N02CX01	APIZINE	G	Pizotifen - 0.25mg/5ml	0.25mg/5ml	Syrup	505,541 L.L
A04AA05	ALOXI	B	Palonosetron HCl - 0.25mg/5ml	0.25mg/5ml	Injectable solution	3,656,595 L.L
H01CC01	ORGALUTRAN	B	Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml	0.25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	2,383,977 L.L
H01CC01	ORGALUTRAN	B	Ganirelix - 0.25mg/0.5ml	0.25mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	2,383,977 L.L
A10BJ06	OZEMPIC	B	Semaglutide - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable solution	10,927,526 L.L
L04AA42	MAYZENT	B	Siponimod - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet, film coated	15,102,158 L.L
L04AA42	MAYZENT	B	Siponimod - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet, film coated	124,258,444 L.L
H01CC02	CETROTIDE	B	Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	3,420,079 L.L
H01CC02	CETROTIDE	B	Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	21,354,452 L.L
H01CC02	CETROTIDE	B	Cetrorelix (acetate) - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	21,354,452 L.L