Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D10AD01	TRETINOIN	G	Tretinoin - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	682,160 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Cream	521,411 L.L
D10AD03	DIFADERM	G	Adapalene - 0.1%	0.1%	Gel	414,671 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Gel	503,941 L.L
D11AH01	PROTOPIC	B	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Ointment	2,127,303 L.L
D11AH01	TACRUS	G	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Ointment	1,857,190 L.L
S01GX09	PATANOL	B	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	873,498 L.L
S01GX09	CONJYCLEAR	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	510,660 L.L
S01GX09	OLOPAT	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	524,099 L.L
S01GX09	OLOPAT UD	G	Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops solution	1,523,917 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	0.1%	Injectable solution	397,777 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	260,705 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Metered dose spray	147,823 L.L
R01AA07	DECOZAL	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	145,135 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	241,892 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN MENTHOL 0.1%	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	387,027 L.L
R01AA07	XYLO-COMOD	G	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	499,909 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	235,172 L.L
D07AC13	ELICA	G	Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	341,336 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	249,955 L.L
D07AC13	ELISONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	435,405 L.L
D07AC13	METASONE	G	Mometasone furoate - 0.1%	0.1%	Cream	335,321 L.L