Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
S01BA14	LOTEMAX	B	Loteprednol etabonate - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops suspension	1,038,790 L.L
G04CA02	OMNIC OCAS	B	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Tablet, film coated, prolonged release	866,778 L.L
G04CA02	APO-TAMSULOSIN CR	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Tablet	607,417 L.L
G04CA02	MINGO	G	Tamsulosin - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Capsule	673,201 L.L
G04CA02	PROSTAFINE	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Capsule, modified release	761,511 L.L
G04CA02	TALUSIN	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Capsule, modified release	683,440 L.L
G04CA02	TAMSU GENERICON RETARD	G	Tamsulosin - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Capsule, hard, modified release	615,480 L.L
C02AC05	CYNT	B	Moxonidine - 0.4mg	0.4mg	Tablet, film coated	1,218,134 L.L
B05XA03	0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	160,885 L.L
B05XA03	0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
B05XA03	HYPOTONIC SALINE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
B05XA03	HYPOTONIC SALINE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	133,856 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	161,805 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	161,314 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	148,566 L.L
S01HA02	ANESTOCIL	B	Oxybuprocaine HCl (Benoxinate HCl) - 0.4%	0.4%	Drops solution	442,124 L.L
S01XA20	TEARS NATURALE	B	Duasorb - 0.4%	0.4%	Drops solution	189,482 L.L
H01CB05	SIGNIFOR	B	Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.3mg/ml	0.3mg/ml	Injectable solution	168,719,438 L.L
C02AC05	CYNT	B	Moxonidine - 0.3mg	0.3mg	Tablet, film coated	1,218,134 L.L
N02BA01	ASPIRINE	B	Acetylsalicylic acid - 300mg	0.3g	Tablet	80,631 L.L
N04BC05	SIFROL ER	B	Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.375mg	0.375mg	Tablet, extended release	473,033 L.L
R06AD08	TOPLEXIL	B	Oxomemazine HCl - 0.33mg/ml	0.33mg/ml	Syrup	615,480 L.L
D10AD03	DIFADERM	G	Adapalene - 0.3%	0.3%	Gel	952,208 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRASTILL	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	258,018 L.L