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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R03AK06 SERETIDE DISKUS 500 B Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 3,199,689 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN LAR B Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg 30mg Injectable powder for suspension+diluent L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Injectable solution 4,219,665 L.L
L01EM03 PIQRAY B Alpelisib - 200mg, Alpelisib - 50mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 359,195,954 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 1mcg 1mcg Capsule 3,735,882 L.L
J07BM03 GARDASIL 9 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 9- VALENT VACCINE RECOMBINANT B Papillomavirus (human type 6) - 30mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 11) - 40mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 16) - 60mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 18) - 40mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 31) - 20mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 33) - 20mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 45) - 20mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 52) - 20mcg/0.5ml, Papillomavirus (human type 58) - 20mcg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 14,139,396 L.L
L01EM03 PIQRAY B Alpelisib - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 359,195,954 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 20mg 20mg Tablet 584,571 L.L
A08AA01 LOMAIRA B Phentermine Hydrochloride - 8mg 8mg Tablet 6,138,673 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml 250mg Injectable solution 482,439 L.L
J01DC02 ZINNAT B Cefuroxime (axetil) - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 349,399 L.L
J07BX05 ABRYSVO B RSV subgroup A stabilized perfusion F antigen 60mcg - 60mcg, RSV subgroup B stabilized perfusion F antigen 60mcg - 60mcg, Glycoprotein F stabilized in the perfusion conformation - Injectable powder + solvent 22,650,721 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule 54,006,801 L.L
N04BB01 PK-MERZ B Amantadine (sulfate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,382,814 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 2.5mg/ml 2.5mg/ml Solution 463,626 L.L
L02BA03 FASLODEX B Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution L.L
A08AA62 CONTRAVE B Naltrexone Hydrochloride - 8mg, Bupropion Hydrochloride - 90mg Tablet, prolonged release 11,653,550 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 0.25mcg 0.25mcg Capsule 1,138,235 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,311,590 L.L
C09CA06 ATACAND B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg 8mg Tablet 526,786 L.L
J01DC02 ZINNAT B Cefuroxime (axetil) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 1,120,782 L.L
J07CA LANTIGEN B B Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (antigenic extracts) - 63.2A.U./ml, Streptococcus pyogenes group A (antigenic extracts) - 126.2A.U./ml, Branhamella catarrhalis (antigenic extracts) - 39.9A.U./ml, Staphylococcus aureus (antigenic extracts) - 79.6A.U./ml, Haemophilus influenzae type b (antigenic extracts) - 50.2A.U./ml, Klebsiella pneumoniae (antigenic extracts) - 39.8A.U./ml Drops suspension 916,501 L.L
L04AA29 XELJANZ B Tofacitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet 80,685,473 L.L
M01AG01 PONSTAN FORTE B Mefenamic acid - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 219,046 L.L
N04BB01 SYMMETREL B Amantadine - 100mg 100mg Capsule 568,253 L.L
A08AB01 XENICAL B Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 4,036,903 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 0.5mcg 0.5mcg Capsule 943,377 L.L
C09CA06 BLOPRESS B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg 8mg Tablet 847,965 L.L
G04BE09 LEVITRA B Vardenafil (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,660,808 L.L
J07CA02 TETRAXIM (Vaccin Diphterique, tetanique, coquelucheux acellulaire et Poliomyelitique inactivé adsorbé) B Diphteria toxoid purified - ?30IU, Tetanus toxoid purified - ?40IU, Poliomyelitis virus type 1 inactivated - 40D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 2 inactivated - 8D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 3 inactivated - 32D.U., Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: toxoid - 25mcg, Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: filamentous haemagglutinin - 25mcg Injectable suspension 1,628,737 L.L
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