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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N04BC05 SIFROL B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg 0.18mg Tablet 631,606 L.L
R07AA INFASURF B Calfactant - 210mg/6ml 35mg/ml Injectable suspension 40,596,749 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 0.5mcg 0.5mcg Capsule 942,034 L.L
B02BX05 REVOLADE B Eltrombopag Olamine - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 75,701,015 L.L
C05AX05 PROCTO GLYVENOL B Lidocaine - 40mg, Tribenoside - 400mg Suppository 399,121 L.L
J07CA06 INFANRIX IPV + HIB B Poliomyelitis virus type 3 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 32D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 2 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 8D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 1 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 40D.U., Bordetella pertussis antigen(Prefilled syringe) - toxoid 25mcg+filamentous haemaglutinin 25mcg+pertactin 8mcg, Tetanus toxoid (Prefilled syringe) - ?40IU, Diphtheria toxoid (Prefilled syringe) - ?30IU, H. Influenza type b polysaccharide(Vial) - 10mcg Injectable dry powder+suspension 3,014,239 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 25mg 25mg Capsule 98,852,769 L.L
R07AA INFASURF B Calfactant - 105mg/3ml 35mg/ml Injectable suspension 23,344,161 L.L
A11CC03 ONE-ALPHA B Alfacalcidol - 2mcg/ml 2mcg/ml Drops solution 1,343,843 L.L
B02BX05 REVOLADE B Eltrombopag Olamine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 151,399,262 L.L
C05AX05 PROCTO GLYVENOL B Lidocaine HCl - 2g/100g, Tribenoside - 5g/100g Cream 405,840 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO B Adapalene - 0.1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,088,331 L.L
J07CA06 PENTAXIM B Poliomyelitis virus type 3 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 32D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 2 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 8D.U., Poliomyelitis virus type 1 inactivated(Prefilled syringe) - 40D.U., Bordetella pertussis antigen (Prefilled syringe) - toxoid 25mcg+filamentous haemaglutinin 25mcg, Tetanus toxoid (Prefilled syringe) - ?40IU, Diphtheria toxoid (Prefilled syringe) - ?30IU, H. Influenza type b polysaccharide(Vial) - 10mcg Injectable dry powder+suspension 2,558,676 L.L
L04AA29 XELJANZ XR B Tofacitinib - 11mg 11mg Tablet, extended release 78,687,316 L.L
M01AH01 CELEBREX B Celecoxib - 200mg 200mg Capsule 1,126,140 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.7mg 0.7mg Tablet 2,478,046 L.L
R07AA01 SURVANTA B Colfosceril palmitate - 200mg/8ml 200mg/8ml Suspension 36,957,499 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5000IU/100g Gel 498,566 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO FORTE B Adapalene - 0.3%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,201,214 L.L
J07CA09 INFANRIX HEXA B Diphteria toxoid purified (Prefilled syringe) - ?30IU/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid purified (prefilled syringe) - ?40IU/0.5ml, Bordetella pertussis antigen (Prefilled syringe) - toxoid 25mcg+filamentous haemaglutinin 25mcg+pertactin 8mcg/0.5ml, Poliomyelitis virus type 1 antigen (prefilled syringe) - 40D.U./0.5ml, Poliomyelitis virus type 2 antigen(prefilled syringe) - 8D.U./0.5ml, Poliomyelitis virus type 3 antigen (prefilled syringe) - 32D.U./0.5ml, HBs Antigen (prefilled syringe) - 10mcg/0.5ml, H. Influenza type b polysaccharide (Vial) - 10mcg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 4,230,416 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 50mg 50mg Capsule 197,706,574 L.L
N06AX11 REMERON SOLTAB B Mirtazapine - 30mg 30mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,486,290 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/Inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/Inhalation Inhalation powder 3,378,420 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5,000IU/100g Gel 1,183,925 L.L
C09CA06 ATACAND B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg 16mg Tablet 705,517 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
G04BE30 LIF-DOL B Yohimbin HCl - 3.3mg, Thiamine - 5.5mg, Cyanocobalamine - 0.015mg, Ferrous fumarate - 50mg, Sildenafil citrate - 10mg Tablet, coated 231,653 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.75mg 0.75mg Tablet, extended release 942,034 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT TURBUHALER B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 160mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 1,689,210 L.L
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