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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AD02 ADVAGRAF B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 1mg 1mg Capsule, prolonged release L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,441,943 L.L
C09CA06 BLOPRESS B Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg 16mg Tablet 1,131,515 L.L
G04BX ROWATINEX B Olive oil - 33mg, Cineol - 3mg, Fenchone - 4mg, Anethol - 4mg, Borneol - 10mg, Camphene - 15mg, ?-Pinene - 6.2mg, ?-Pinene - 24.8mg Capsule 255,330 L.L
J07CA11 DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS,PERTUSSIS, HEPATITIS B AND HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATE VACCINE B Diphteria Toxoid1 - ?25Lf (?30IU)/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid1 - ?2.5Lf (?40IU)/0.5ml, Bordetella pertussis (Whole cell) - ?16OU (?4.0IU)/0.5ml, HBs Antigen (r DNA)1 - ?10mcg/0.5ml, H. Influenza type b, purified capsular polysaccharide2 - 10mcg/0.5ml, 1 adsorbed on aluminium phosphate, Al+++ - ?1.25mg , 2 conjugated to tetanos toxoid carrier protein - Injectable suspension 1,515,854 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL JOINT B Paracetamol - 665mg 665mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 291,614 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.375mg 0.375mg Tablet, extended release 473,033 L.L
N06AX16 EFEXOR XR B Venlafaxine (HCl) - 75mg 75mg Capsule, sustained release 732,394 L.L
L04AD02 ADVAGRAF B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 3mg 3mg Capsule, prolonged release L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,732,213 L.L
G04BX14 PRILIGY B Dapoxetine (hydrochloride) - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 1,957,979 L.L
L01AA01 ENDOXAN B Cyclophosphamide (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 764,646 L.L
L01EX02 NEXAVAR B Sorafenib - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 82,858,698 L.L
N04BC05 SIFROL ER B Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 1.5mg 1.5mg Tablet, extended release 1,847,783 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3% 3% Injectable solution 2,576,146 L.L
J01DC02 ZINNAT B Cefuroxime (axetil) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 908,603 L.L
L01AA06 HOLOXAN B Ifosfamide - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 3,586,850 L.L
L01EX03 VOTRIENT B Pazopanib HCl - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 77,725,025 L.L
N02BE01 DOLIPRANE B Paracetamol - 1,000mg 1000mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
R03AK07 SYMBICORT B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 9mcg/Inhalation, Budesonide - 320mcg/Inhalation Inhalation powder 3,378,420 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 10,000 B Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U Capsule 1,835,689 L.L
C05BX01 DOXIUM B Calcium dobesilate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 2,151,492 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
L01EX03 VOTRIENT B Pazopanib HCl - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 42,465,160 L.L
L04AA32 OTEZLA B Apremilast - 4x10mg- 4x20mg- 19x30mg Tablet, film coated 34,751,325 L.L
N02BE01 DOLIPRANE B Paracetamol - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
S01AA13 FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS B Fusidic acid - 10mg/g 1% Drops 373,588 L.L
A02BC04 PARIET B Rabeprazole (sodium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 779,429 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 25,000 B Pancreatin protease - 1000FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 18000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 25000FIP-U Capsule 4,598,629 L.L
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