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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01EJ01 JAKAVI B Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet 165,514,059 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 8,751,127 L.L
R03AC02 VENTOLIN B Salbutamol (sulfate) - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Solution 403,153 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1.5g 1.5g Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 6,150,767 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 10mg/dose 10mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
M01AE11 SURGAM B Tiaprofenic acid - 300mg 300mg Tablet 849,308 L.L
N02BA01 ASPIRINE B Acetylsalicylic acid - 300mg 0.3g Tablet 80,631 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 6mg 6mg Tablet, film coated 8,751,127 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 3g 3g Granules, gastro-resistant, prolonged release 11,256,652 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 12.5mg/dose 12.5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
J07BD52 PRIORIX B Rubella virus live attenuated - ?10³ CCID50, Mumps virus live attenuated - ?103.7 CCID50, Measles virus live attenuated - ?10³ CCID50 Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 1,142,266 L.L
L01EJ01 JAKAVI B Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet 326,608,760 L.L
L04AA10 RAPAMUNE B Sirolimus - 1mg 1mg Tablet 12,907,489 L.L
M01AE17 KETESSE B Dexketoprofen (trometamol) - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
N02BA51 ASPIRINE C EFFERVESCENT B Acetylsalicylic acid - 400mg, Vitamin C - 240mg Tablet, effervescent 162,605 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 10,180,812 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 8,454,523 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 15mg/dose 15mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
J01DB01 KEFLEX B Cefalexin (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 477,384 L.L
J07BD52 M-M-R II (MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VIRUS VACCINE LIVE) B Rubella virus live attenuated - , Mumps virus live attenuated - , Measles virus live attenuated - Injectable solution+diluent 12,924,401 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 12,176,386 L.L
L04AA10 RAPAMUNE B Sirolimus - 1mg 1mg Tablet L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 12,310,378 L.L
J01DB01 KEFLEX B Cefalexin (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 659,123 L.L
L01EJ01 JAKAVI B Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet 326,608,760 L.L
L04AA13 ARAVA B Leflunomide - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,230,779 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N03AX23 BRIVIACT B Brivaracetam - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 9,627,931 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Solution 403,153 L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 4g 4g Granules, prolonged release 7,826,190 L.L
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