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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R06AE55 VOMINORE-JPM G Meclozine HCl - 25mg, Pyridoxine HCl - 50mg Tablet 259,362 L.L
A10BD08 GLUNORM M G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,089,856 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 2.5% Injectable solution 174,675 L.L
R06AX CLARINASE B Loratadine - 5mg, Pseudoephedrine sulfate - 120mg Tablet, repetab 446,156 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 2.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
R06AX DELINE CORT G Desloratadine - 5mg/5ml, Betamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 693,679 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
B05BB02 LO-SODIUM WITHOUT POTASSIUM INJECTION G Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g/100ml, Sodium lactate (anhydre) - 0.223g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.0585g/100ml, Dextrose monohydrate - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
D06BB53 ACTI-VIR H G Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1% Cream 833,182 L.L
J01CR02 AMOXICLAV-ORBUCELL G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 0.2g Injectable powder for solution 7,433,691 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
A10BD08 GALVUS MET B Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,816,875 L.L
B05BB02 HI-SODIUM WITHOUT POTASSIUM INJECTION G Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g/100ml, Sodium lactate (anhydre) - 0.223g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.175g/100ml, Dextrose monohydrate - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
A10BD08 GLUNORM M G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,089,856 L.L
B05BB02 HI-SODIUM INJECTION G Sodium lactate - 0.223g%, Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g%, Potassium chloride - 0.149g%, Sodium chloride - 0.175g%, Dextrose, H2O - 5.0g% Injectable solution 176,024 L.L
J01CR02 VAAMOX IV G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg Injectable powder 225,766 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/850 G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
B05BB02 HI-SODIUM INJECTION WITH POTASSIUM G Potassium chloride - 0.149g/100ml, Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g/100ml, Sodium lactate (anhydre) - 0.223g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.175g/100ml, Dextrose monohydrate - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 165,727 L.L
J01CR02 VAAMOX IV G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg Injectable powder 2,150,148 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
B05BB02 LO-SODIUM INJECTION G Sodium lactate - 0.223g/100ml, Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.149g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.0585g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5.0g/100ml Injectable solution 179,456 L.L
R06AX FRENALER CORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 741,801 L.L
A10BD09 INCRESYNC B Pioglitazone - 15mg, Alogliptin - 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,897,143 L.L
B05BB02 LO-SODIUM WITH POTASSIUM INJECTION G Potassium chloride - 0.149g/100ml, Sodium dihydrogenophosphate - 0.137g/100ml, Sodium lactate - 0.223g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.0585g/100ml, Dextrose monohydrate - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 165,727 L.L
R06AX ORADUS BETA G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Solution 639,925 L.L
A10BD09 INCRESYNC B Pioglitazone - 30mg, Alogliptin - 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,897,143 L.L
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