Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
C09DX01	VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg	Tablet, film coated	1,196,020 L.L
A10BD02	GLUCOVANCE	B	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	967,891 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	186,167 L.L
C09DX01	EXFORGE HCT	B	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	1,417,754 L.L
A10BD02	GLIBOMET	B	Metformin HCl - 400mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	462,282 L.L
B05BB02	MIXTE SIMPLE (2)	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
C09DX01	LOTEVAN PLUS	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	911,125 L.L
D04AX	CALAMINE PLUS	B	Diphenhydramine HCl - 0.25/100ml, Tetracaine HCl - 0.025/100ml, Zinc oxide - 8g/100ml, Calamine - 8g/100ml	Lotion	177,899 L.L
S03AA30	SULFACHLOR	G	Sulfacetamide sodium - 110mg/ml, Chloramphenicol - 5mg/ml	Drops solution	202,216 L.L
A10BD02	ORBIZIDE M FORTE	G	Metformin HCl - 500mg, Gliclazide - 80mg	Tablet	771,750 L.L
B05BB02	MIXTE SIMPLE (2)	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	207,894 L.L
C09DX01	VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/12.5	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	1,196,020 L.L
S03CA04	MYCICORT	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 5mg, Neomycin sulfate - 5mg	Drops suspension	166,381 L.L
A10BD05	ACTOSMET	B	Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg	Tablet, film coated	3,101,588 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	194,211 L.L
C09DX01	EXFORGE HCT	B	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg	Tablet, film coated	1,417,754 L.L
L04AX07	MAROVAREX	G	Dimethyl Fumarate - 240mg	Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant	60,848,734 L.L
R05CB10	DILAMUC	G	Dried Ivy leaf extract - 170mg/100ml, Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Liquorice root) - 164mg/100ml, Thyme - 760mg/100ml	Syrup	456,906 L.L
V01AA	STALORAL	B	Allergen extracts - 2 x 100IR ou IC/ml	Solution	8,449,319 L.L
A10BD06	DUETACT	B	Glimepiride - 2mg, Pioglitazone - 30mg	Tablet	2,803,255 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
C09DX01	VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/25	G	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg	Tablet, film coated	1,196,020 L.L
V01AA	STALORAL	B	Allergen extracts - 300 IR ou IC/ml	Solution	6,598,267 L.L
A10BD06	DUETACT	B	Glimepiride - 4mg, Pioglitazone - 30mg	Tablet	3,287,039 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
C09DX01	EXFORGE HCT	B	Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	1,333,092 L.L
D05AX52	BETA-CAL	G	Calcipotriol (monohydrate) - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g	Ointment	1,574,983 L.L
R05D	123 COLD AND FLU	B	Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg, Carbinoxamine HCl - 3mg, Caffeine anhydrous - 30mg, Codeine phosphate - 8mg, Acetaminophen - 325mg	Tablet	409,552 L.L
A10BD07	JANUMET	B	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg	Tablet	3,093,525 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	158,587 L.L