Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
M02AA15	FLECTOR E.P TISSUGEL	B	Diclofenac (epolamine) - 1%	1%	Patch	1,204,083 L.L
D10AF05	NADIXA	G	Nadifloxacin - 1%	1%	Cream	850,652 L.L
D10AF05	NAXIDERM	G	Nadifloxacin - 1%	1%	Gel	826,783 L.L
C05BB02	AETHOXYSKLEROL	B	Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,732,213 L.L
S01FA06	MYDRIACYL	B	Tropicamide - 1%	1%	Drops solution	430,030 L.L
D11AH02	ELIDEL	B	Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	1,780,591 L.L
V03AB14	PROSULF 1%	B	Protamine sulfate - 50mg/5ml	1%	Injectable solution	8,216,459 L.L
D01AC03	ECONAZ	G	Econazole nitrate - 1%	1%	Cream	307,164 L.L
D01AE14	MYCOSTER	B	Ciclopirox - 1%	1%	Cream	284,895 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	616,824 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	616,824 L.L
D01AE15	LAMIFEN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	321,178 L.L
D01AE15	TERAFAN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Cream	499,142 L.L
D01AE15	LAMISIL	B	Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/ml	1%	Solution	506,629 L.L
D01AE15	TERAFAN	G	Terbinafine HCl - 1%	1%	Solution	355,798 L.L
D01AE22	EXODERIL	B	Naftifine HCl - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	345,368 L.L
D01AE22	EXODERIL	B	Naftifine HCl - 10ml/ml	1%	Solution	159,917 L.L
R06AB02	HISTAMED	G	Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 1%	1%	Gel	477,384 L.L
N01AX10	PROPOFOL-LIPURO	B	Propofol - 10mg/ml	1%	Injectable emulsion	1,411,035 L.L
N01AX10	DORMIFOR	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	1,081,473 L.L
G03DA04	PROGESTOGEL	B	Progesterone - 1%	1%	Gel	542,912 L.L
N01AX10	PROPOFOL 1% MCT/LCT FRESENIUS	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	847,965 L.L
G03DA04	PROGESTOGEL	B	Progesterone - 1%	1%	Gel	542,912 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMAPHARM	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Lotion	167,660 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N01BB02	CHLORHYDRATE DE LIDOCAINE RENAUDIN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 10mg/ml	1%	Injectable solution	591,291 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL	G	Lidocaine HCl - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,787,950 L.L