Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L01XX02	SPECTRILA	BioTech	Asparaginase, recombinant - 10,000IU	10,000IU	Injectable powder for concentrate for solution	21,370,813 L.L
B01AD11	METALYSE	BioTech	Tenecteplase - 10,000IU	10,000IU	Injectable powder for solution+diluent	74,851,424 L.L
D10AE01	BENZAC AC	G	Benzoyl peroxide - 10g/100g	10%	Gel	416,591 L.L
S01FB01	PHENYLEPHRINE/ COOPER	G	Phenylephrine HCl - 10%	10%	Drops solution	278,175 L.L
S01JA01	FLUORESCEIN SODIUM USP IV	G	Fluorescein sodium - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,198,595 L.L
S01JA01	FLUORESCEIN SODIUM USP IV	G	Fluorescein sodium - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	10,787,353 L.L
A12AA03	10% W/V CALCIUM GLUCONATE INJECTION BP	G	Calcium gluconate - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	3,952,241 L.L
A12AA03	CALCIUM GLUCONATE S.A.L.F	G	Calcium gluconate monohydrate - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	389,714 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	4,129,004 L.L
D02AF	POMMADE ACIDE SALICYLIQUE	G	Salicylic acid - 10%	10%	Ointment	284,127 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	5,779,226 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
D04AB01	PROCOMIL	G	Lidocaine - 10%	10%	Spray	665,202 L.L
N01BB02	AVOCAINE	G	Lidocaine - 10%	10%	Spray	620,855 L.L
D05AA	ICHTAMMOL OINTMENT	G	Tars - 10%	10%	Ointment	90,869 L.L
D05AA	ICHTAMMOL OINTMENT	G	Tars - 10%	10%	Ointment	174,060 L.L
D05AA	VASELINE ICHTYOLEE	G	Ichthyamol - 10%	10%	Ointment	103,668 L.L
J06BA02	PRIVIGEN	BioHuman	Immunoglobulin human - 2.5g/25ml	10%	Injectable solution	23,611,268 L.L
J06BA02	GAMUNEX-C	BioHuman	Human normal immunoglobulin G - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	39,990,287 L.L
J06BA02	PRIVIGEN	BioHuman	Immunoglobulin human - 5g/50ml	10%	Injectable solution	42,577,976 L.L
J06BA02	PRIVIGEN	BioHuman	Immunoglobulin human - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	76,970,900 L.L
B05BC01	MANNITOL 10% USP INJECTION	G	Mannitol - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	430,943 L.L
B05BC01	MANNITOL 10% USP INJECTION	G	Mannitol - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	326,367 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	219,493 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	170,079 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	194,211 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	284,997 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	220,643 L.L
B05CX01	10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP	G	Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml	10%	Injectable solution	252,820 L.L