Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
R06AE07	ZYRTEC	B	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 1%	1%	Drops	170,668 L.L
C01CA06	PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	G	Phenylephrine HCl - 10mg/ml	1%	Injectable solution	10,282,281 L.L
D06BX01	CUTIDERMINE	G	Metronidazole - 1%	1%	Gel	593,850 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
S01AA09	TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT	G	Tetracycline HCl - 1%	1%	Ointment	71,672 L.L
S01AA13	FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS	B	Fusidic acid - 10mg/g	1%	Drops	373,588 L.L
S01AA13	OPTIFUCIN VISCOUS	G	Fusidic acid - 1%	1%	Drops	208,296 L.L
S01BA04	PRED FORTE	B	Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml	1%	Drops suspension	260,705 L.L
S01BA04	PRED FORTE	B	Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml	1%	Drops suspension	260,705 L.L
D08AX02	EOSIN ALCOHOLIC	G	Eosin - 1%	1%	Solution	108,787 L.L
D08AX02	EOSIN AQUEUSE	G	Eosin - 1%	1%	Solution	84,470 L.L
H01CB05	SIGNIFOR	B	Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.9mg/ml	0.9mg/ml	Injectable solution	183,846,008 L.L
L01FB01	BESPONSA FOR INJECTION	BioTech	Inotuzumab Ozogamicin - 0.9mg	0.9mg	Injectable powder for suspension	921,176,511 L.L
H01AB01	THYROGEN	BioHuman	Thyrotropin alfa - 0.9mg	0.9mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	65,558,997 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,182,581 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,419,098 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	567,102 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	145,946 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	151,692 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	164,333 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	688,359 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	144,797 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	209,151 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	181,570 L.L
B05XA03	CHLORURE DE SODIUM 0.9 pour cent Renaudin	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	385,683 L.L
B05XA03	CHLORURE DE SODIUM PROAMP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	1,104,639 L.L
B05XA03	CHLORURE DE SODIUM PROAMP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	705,517 L.L
B05XA03	ISOTONIC SALINE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	188,772 L.L