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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D07XC03 ELICASAL G Mometasone furoate - 1mg/g, Salicylic acid - 50mg/g Ointment 462,282 L.L
D07AC13 ELICA G Mometasone furoate micronized - 1mg/g 0.1% Ointment 399,121 L.L
J01MA14 EVAFLOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 669,234 L.L
R05CB01 EXOMUC B N-acetylcysteine - 200mg 200mg Granules for solution 588,603 L.L
D01AE22 EXODERIL B Naftifine HCl - 10mg/g 1% Cream 345,368 L.L
D01AE22 EXODERIL B Naftifine HCl - 10ml/ml 1% Solution 159,917 L.L
C01CA03 EPINORD G Noradrenaline (tartrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 2,751,678 L.L
A02BC01 ESELAN G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,073,549 L.L
A08AB01 ELIZA 120 G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,711,159 L.L
L01XA03 ELOXATIN B Oxaliplatin - 50mg/10ml 50mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 4,930,558 L.L
L01CD01 EBETAXEL G Paclitaxel - 150mg/25ml 150mg/25ml Injectable concentrated solution 15,457,059 L.L
L01CD01 EBETAXEL G Paclitaxel - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,983,330 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, film coated 129,009 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, effervescent 129,009 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 3% 3% Solution 163,949 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, effervescent scored 215,015 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 215,015 L.L
N03AB02 EPANUTIN B Phenytoin sodium - 100mg 100mg Capsule 739,113 L.L
D11AH02 ELIDEL B Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g 1% Cream 1,780,591 L.L
A12BA01 EURO-K G Potassium chloride - 1.5g 1.5g Tablet, sustained release 573,821 L.L
N01BB54 EMLA B Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g 5% Cream 1,763,121 L.L
G03DA04 ENDOMETRIN B Progesterone - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,776,379 L.L
G03XC01 EVA TABLET G Raloxifene HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet 1,354,081 L.L
A07BA51 EUCARBON B Rhubarbe - 25mg, Sulfur - 50mg, Senna - 105mg, Vegetal charcoal - 180mg Tablet 795,555 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 15 B Rivastigmine - 13.3mg/24h 13.3mg/24h Patch 7,582,922 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 5 B Rivastigmine - 4.6mg/24h 4.6mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 10 B Rivastigmine - 9.5mg/24h 9.5mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,949,372 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,750,483 L.L
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