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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M01AH05 ETOXIB G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,217,521 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,109,630 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 369,877 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXIB G Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 1,390,877 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 1,293,928 L.L
M01AH05 ETOXA G Etoricoxib - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 431,309 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet 124,701,632 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet 83,550,282 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 52,290,378 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 52,634,673 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS BIOGARAN G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet 89,386,347 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet 66,619,921 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE ARROW G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,386,483 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GENEPHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,286,662 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,222,897 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE BGR G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, coated 4,479,027 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GP PHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,158,392 L.L
C10AX09 EZETROL B Ezetimibe - 10mg 10mg Tablet 3,680,849 L.L
C10AX09 EZETIMIBE BIOGARAN G Ezetimibe - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,894,818 L.L
C10AX09 EZETRALEX G Ezetimibe - 10mg 10mg Tablet 972,686 L.L
R06AX26 EXOFEN G Fexofenadine HCl - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 287,582 L.L
R06AX26 EXOFEN G Fexofenadine HCl - 180mg 180mg Tablet, film coated 287,582 L.L
L01BC02 EFUDIX B Fluorouracil - 5% 5% Cream 671,921 L.L
S01BC04 EDOLFENE B Flurbiprofen sodium - 0.03% 0.03% Drops solution 388,370 L.L
B03AD EURO-FER CF G Folic acid - 0.5mg, Vitamin C - 200mg, Ferrous fumarate - 300mg Capsule 611,448 L.L
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