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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C07AB07 PRESCOR 10 G Bisoprolol - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 460,746 L.L
G02AD02 PROPESS B Dinoprostone - 10mg 10mg Vaginal delivery system 5,838,996 L.L
H02AB07 PREDICOR G Prednisone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 386,515 L.L
H02AB07 PREDNISONE G Prednisone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 386,515 L.L
A03FA03 PROKININ G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 221,734 L.L
N05AX12 PIRIFY G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 795,555 L.L
B02BA01 PHYTOMENADIONE (VITAMINE K1) PANPHARMA G Phytomenadione - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Solution 740,457 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL PANPHARMA G Paracetamol - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 1,959,322 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL S.A.L.F G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 5,542,006 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL MACOPHARMA G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 9,350,840 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL NORMON G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 9,633,134 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL PANPHARMA G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 8,675,675 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL PANPHARMA G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 2,215,996 L.L
N02BE01 PARAMED G Paracetamol - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 814,369 L.L
N02BE01 PARACEROL G Paracetamol - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 1,536,012 L.L
B05XA01 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE G Potassium chloride - 11.2g/100ml 11.2g/100ml Injectable solution 789,487 L.L
B01AE07 PRADAXA B Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 110mg 110mg Capsule, hard 1,603,204 L.L
B01AE07 PRADAXA B Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 110mg 110mg Capsule, hard 3,205,064 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL B&I B Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml 120mg/5ml Suspension, sugar free, alcohol free 210,983 L.L
N02BE01 PAINOL G Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml 120mg/5ml Elixir 85,750 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL ELIXIR G Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml 120mg/5ml Elixir 85,750 L.L
N02BE01 PARAMOL G Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml 120mg/5ml Syrup, alcohol free 85,750 L.L
N02BE01 PAROL INFANTS G Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml 120mg/5ml Syrup 281,567 L.L
C02KX01 PMS-BOSENTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet 77,539,821 L.L
L01EF01 PALBOMED G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule 25,799,521 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 125 G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule 69,032,469 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule, hard L.L
N02BE01 PARA-DENK 125 SUPPOS. G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 125 G Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule L.L
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