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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R03BA02 PULMICORT B Budesonide - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Inhalation suspension for nebuliser 2,015,764 L.L
N04BC05 PRAMIPEXOLE BIOGARAN G Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.7mg 0.7mg Tablet 1,733,557 L.L
S01BA04 PRED FORTE B Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml 1% Drops suspension 260,705 L.L
S01BA04 PRED FORTE B Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml 1% Drops suspension 260,705 L.L
V03AB14 PROSULF 1% B Protamine sulfate - 50mg/5ml 1% Injectable solution 8,216,459 L.L
G03DA04 PROGESTOGEL B Progesterone - 1% 1% Gel 542,912 L.L
G03DA04 PROGESTOGEL B Progesterone - 1% 1% Gel 542,912 L.L
N01AX10 PROPOFOL-LIPURO B Propofol - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable emulsion 1,411,035 L.L
N01AX10 PROPOFOL 1% MCT/LCT FRESENIUS G Propofol - 1% 1% Injectable emulsion 847,965 L.L
P03AC04 PERMACARE G Permethrin - 1% 1% Lotion 590,011 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE G Phenylephrine HCl - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable solution 10,282,281 L.L
J01CE01 PENICILLINE G PANPHARMA G Benzylpenicillin (sodium) - 1,000,000IU 1,000,000IU Injectable powder for solution 2,858,353 L.L
G03AD01 PURPLE LINE G Levonorgestrel - 1.5mg 1.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,071,570 L.L
S01FB01 PHENYLEPHRINE/ COOPER G Phenylephrine HCl - 10% 10% Drops solution 278,175 L.L
D02AF POMMADE ACIDE SALICYLIQUE G Salicylic acid - 10% 10% Ointment 284,127 L.L
D04AB01 PROCOMIL G Lidocaine - 10% 10% Spray 665,202 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 2.5g/25ml 10% Injectable solution 23,611,268 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 5g/50ml 10% Injectable solution 42,577,976 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 10% 10% Injectable solution 76,970,900 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL B.BRAUN G Paracetamol - 1000mg/100ml 1000mg/100ml Injectable solution 129,009 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED STRAGEN G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 1000mg/40ml 1000mg/40ml Injectable concentrate for solution 40,480,209 L.L
H01BB03 PABAL RTS B Carbetocin - 100mcg/ml 100mcg/ml Injectable solution 12,185,492 L.L
C01CA06 PHENYLEPHRINE RENAUDIN G Phenylephrine - 100mcg/ml 100mcg/ml Injectable solution 5,955,910 L.L
N02AB03 PECFENT B Fentanyl (citrate) - 100mcg/spray 100mcg/spray Spray 4,343,299 L.L
M01AE03 PROFENID B Ketoprofen - 100mg 100mg Suppository 321,178 L.L
N04BB01 PK-MERZ B Amantadine (sulfate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,382,814 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED NEAPOLIS G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 100mg 100mg Injectable solution 10,554,169 L.L
N05AH04 PMS-QUETIAPINE G Quetiapine fumarate - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,890,786 L.L
J02AC01 PANZIMOL G Fluconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 2,015,764 L.L
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