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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G03GA30 PERGOVERIS BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 150IU, Lutropin Alfa - 75IU Injectable powder for solution+diluent 6,523,011 L.L
M01AB55 PANCLO B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone disodium phosphate - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 1,158,392 L.L
N01BB54 PRILA G Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w Cream 1,057,604 L.L
L01BA04 PEMETREXED NEAPOLIS G Pemetrexed (disodium) - 500mg Injectable powder L.L
N02AJ06 PARACO-DENK 1000/60 G Paracetamol - 1000mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 60mg Suppository 636,981 L.L
C09BA04 PRETERAX ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 2.5mg, Indapamide - 0.625mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
C09BB04 PRESORYL PLUS G Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg Tablet 557,695 L.L
A06AB58 PICOPREP B Magnesium oxide - 3.5g, Citric acid - 12g, Sodium picosulfate - 10mg Powder 694,767 L.L
C09BB04 PRESORYL PLUS G Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg Tablet 770,022 L.L
J07AL01 PNEUMOVAX 23 B Polysaccharides from each of 23 capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae - 25mcgx23serotypes/0.5ml Injectable solution 2,378,601 L.L
J07AL02 PREVENAR 13 B Polysaccharide for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 , 6A, 7F, 9V,14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F (2.2mcg)Polysaccharide for serotypes 6B (4.4mcg)Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminium phosphate (0.125mg aluminium) - Injectable suspension 6,352,343 L.L
C09BB04 PRESORYL PLUS G Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg Tablet 770,022 L.L
J07AL02 PNEUMOSIL (10-VALENT) G Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed) - Injectable suspension 3,386,483 L.L
D11AH01 PROTOPIC B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1% 0.1% Ointment 2,127,303 L.L
S01GX09 PATANOL B Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1% 0.1% Drops solution 873,498 L.L
D07AC14 PRENIDERM G Methylprednisolone aceponate - 0.1% 0.1% Cream 312,283 L.L
N04BC05 PRAMIPEXOLE BIOGARAN G Pramipexole (dihydrochloride monohydrate) - 0.18mg 0.18mg Tablet 440,780 L.L
D07AC18 PEITEL B Prednicarbate - 0.25% 0.25% Cream 507,972 L.L
G04CA02 PROSTAFINE G Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Capsule, modified release 761,511 L.L
M02AA07 PIROXICALM G Piroxicam - 0.5% 0.5% Gel 207,336 L.L
P01AB01 POLGYL G Metronidazole - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 134,384 L.L
L04AA27 PMS-FINGOLIMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 19,351,580 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
G02CB03 PROCTIN G Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 350,679 L.L
G02CB03 PROCTIN G Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 1,300,328 L.L
G02CB03 PROCTINMED G Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 473,545 L.L
G02CB03 PROCTINMED G Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 1,689,402 L.L
N05BA12 PAZOLAM G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 563,070 L.L
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