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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J02AX04 CANDIGARD G Caspofungin (acetate) - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 22,127,179 L.L
J02AX04 CASPOFUNGINE STRAGEN G Caspofungin (acetate) - 50mg 50mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 18,712,833 L.L
J02AX05 MYCAMINE B Micafungin (sodium) - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 13,170,341 L.L
J02AX05 MEGMENTO G Micafungin (sodium) - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 9,530,364 L.L
H02AB07 PREDICOR G Prednisone - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 712,876 L.L
H02AB07 PREDNISONE G Prednisone - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 742,313 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN MEDAC G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 3,440,237 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINE VIATRIS 5MG/ML G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 4,259,872 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINO GP PHARM G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,956,454 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,957,797 L.L
A03FA07 GANATON B Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,119,421 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder 2,957,797 L.L
A03FA07 GANATON B Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet 357,462 L.L
A03FA07 GAROPRIDE G Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 213,671 L.L
J05AB16 FLEXIVIR G Remdesivir - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 4,837,833 L.L
N07XX02 RILUTEK B Riluzole - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 15,886,212 L.L
N07XX02 RILUTEK B Riluzole - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 15,886,212 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 50mg 50mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE ARROW LAB G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 1,052,229 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE BIOGARAN G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible 985,037 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE NORMON G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 1,643,519 L.L
J01AA02 DOXY 50 G Doxycycline (hyclate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 311,771 L.L
M01AB05 DICLO-DENK 50 G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, enteric coated 893,655 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,753,895 L.L
M01AB05 DICLOGESIC G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, enteric coated 205,608 L.L
M01AB05 EPARDEX G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, enteric coated 223,974 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 50mg 50mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 9,661,754 L.L
M01AB05 EPARDEX G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, enteric coated 3,246,979 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN-50 G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, gastroresistant 248,611 L.L
N03AX11 TOPAMAX B Topiramate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,914,976 L.L
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