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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BF01 GLUFIX G Acarbose - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,294,120 L.L
N06AA12 DOXEPIN HCl G Doxepin (HCl) - 50mg 50mg Capsule 965,007 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,139,578 L.L
G04BD12 BETMIGA B Mirabegron - 50mg 50mg Tablet, prolonged release 3,758,727 L.L
A10BH02 GALVUS B Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 950,097 L.L
G04BE03 VIAGRA B Sildenafil (citrate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 2,089,675 L.L
A10BH02 GLUNORM G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 611,448 L.L
G04BE03 DEGRA G Sildenafil - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
A10BH02 VILDAVITAE G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 665,202 L.L
G04BE03 SEGUREX G Sildenafil (citrate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 315,803 L.L
A10BH02 VILDIAB G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 806,306 L.L
G04BE03 TOURNES G Sildenafil - 50mg 50mg Tablet 956,386 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
G04BE03 VIGOR-50 G Sildenafil (citrate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 332,761 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
G04BE03 VIGORAM G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 330,585 L.L
G04BE03 VONTA G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 335,961 L.L
G04BE03 VONTA G Sildenafil citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 90,037 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,420,634 L.L
G04BE03 PLEASE G Sildenafil - 50mg 50mg Film, orally soluble 2,687,685 L.L
C03BA04 HYGROTON B Chlortalidone - 50mg 50mg Tablet 422,351 L.L
C09CA01 LACINE 50 G Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 671,921 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 50mg 50mg Capsule L.L
C09CA01 LOSANET G Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet 395,474 L.L
C09CA01 LOSARTAN BIOGARAN G Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated, scored 439,436 L.L
C09CA01 LOSARTAN-REMEDICA G Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 642,357 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated L.L
N06AB06 DEPRINE G Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet 894,615 L.L
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