Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
C09DB02	VOCADO	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine besylate - 5mg		Tablet, film coated	1,103,295 L.L
D02AX	BIAFINE	B	Trolamine - 0.67g/100g	0.67g/100g	Emulsion	524,099 L.L
G03DA04	UTROGESTAN	B	Progesterone micronised natural - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	525,442 L.L
P02CA01	VERMOX	B	Mebendazole - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	129,009 L.L
A03AX12	SPASFON	B	Phloroglucinol hydrate - 80mg, Trimethylphloroglucinol - 80mg		Tablet, coated	278,175 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
G03DA04	UTROGESTAN	B	Progesterone micronised natural - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	525,442 L.L
L01XX52	VENCLEXTA	B	Venetoclax - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	12,966,030 L.L
C09DB02	SEVIKAR	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Tablet, film coated	1,245,742 L.L
D03AX	BEPANTHEN PLUS	B	Chlorhexidine HCl - 5mg/g, Dexpanthenol - 50mg/g		Cream	319,835 L.L
H05BA01	MIACALCIC	B	Calcitonin (salmon synthetic) - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	1,720,118 L.L
L01DB01	CAELYX	B	Doxorubicin HCl pegylated liposomes - 20mg/10ml	20mg/10ml	Injectable concentrated solution	33,495,068 L.L
L01XX52	VENCLEXTA	B	Venetoclax - 50mg	50mg	Tablet	31,367,183 L.L
R06AA59	CARIBAN	B	Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg		Capsule, hard, modified release	1,701,305 L.L
A03AX13	OVOL	B	Simethicone - 40mg/ml	40mg/ml	Drops	233,829 L.L
A10BA02	GLUCOPHAGE XR	B	Metformin HCl - 1000mg	1000mg	Tablet, prolonged release	726,278 L.L
C09DB02	VOCADO	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine besylate - 10mg		Tablet, film coated	1,186,613 L.L
D03AX	MEBO	B	?-sitosterol - 0.25%	0.25%	Ointment	760,615 L.L
G03DA04	UTROGESTAN	B	Progesterone micronised natural - 200mg	200mg	Capsule	587,259 L.L
H05BA01	MIACALCIC 200 UI/ACTUATION	B	Calcitonin (salmon synthetic) - 200IU/actuation	200IU/actuation	Solution	5,399,559 L.L
L01DB02	CERUBIDINE	B	Daunorubicin (HCl) - 20mg	20mg	Injectable powder for solution	10,943,137 L.L
L01XX52	VENCLEXTA	B	Venetoclax - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	707,858,935 L.L
B05BA10	OLIMEL N9E	B	Glucose solution - 27.5%, Amino acids solution - 14.2%, Lipid emulsion - 20%, Sodium - 70mmol/2l, Potassium - 60mmol/2l, Magnesium - 8mmol/2l, Calcium - 7mmol/2l, Phosphate - 30mmol/2l, Acetate - 107mmol/2l, Chloride - 90mmol/2l, Azote - 18g/2l		Injectable emulsion	5,496,316 L.L
C09DB04	TWYNSTA	B	Telmisartan - 80mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Tablet	991,756 L.L
G03DA04	UTROGESTAN	B	Progesterone micronised natural - 200mg	200mg	Capsule	587,259 L.L
L01XX52	VENCLEXTA	B	Venetoclax - 10mg week 1, Venetoclax - 50mg week 2, Venetoclax - 100mg week 3&4		Tablet	190,943,809 L.L
N01AH06	ULTIVA	B	Remifentanil (HCl) - 5mg	5mg	Injectable powder for solution	2,990,050 L.L
N03AX14	KEPPRA	B	Levetiracetam - 250mg	250mg	Tablet, film coated	3,128,436 L.L
A03AX13	MOSAR PLUS	B	Mosapride citrate - 5mg, Simethicone - 200mg		Tablet, coated	865,435 L.L