Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
S01AE03	CILOXAN	B	Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	348,055 L.L
B03AB09	FERPLEX	B	Iron trivalent (ferric proteinsuccinylate) - 800mg	800mg	Solution	1,202,739 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	627,574 L.L
C09CA08	OLMETEC	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	710,893 L.L
L01AX03	TEMODAL	B	Temozolomide - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	7,731,224 L.L
R03AL04	ULTIBRO BREEZHALER	B	Indacaterol - 110mcg, Glycopyronium - 50mcg		Capsule, inhalation	4,031,528 L.L
B03AC	VENOFER I.V.	B	Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable concentrated solution	3,594,779 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	1,191,988 L.L
C09CA08	VOTUM	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	753,896 L.L
J01MA17	KINODROX	B	Prulifloxacin - 600mg	600mg	Tablet, film coated	1,407,835 L.L
R03AL06	SPIOLTO RESPIMAT	B	Olodaterol HCl - 2.5mcg/puff, Tiotropium bromide monohydrate - 2.5mcg/puff		Inhalation solution	5,087,788 L.L
L01XX41	HALAVEN	B	Eribulin mesylate - 0.88mg/2ml	0.88mg/2ml	Injectable solution	L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 100mg, Diosmin - 900mg		Tablet, film coated	1,256,493 L.L
C09CA08	VOTUM	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	753,896 L.L
J01MA23	BAXDELA	B	Delafloxacin - 450mg	450mg	Tablet	93,777,847 L.L
R03AL11	BREZTRI AEROSPHERE	B	Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 5mcg, Glycopyrronium Bromide - 7.2mcg, Budesonide - 160mcg		Inhalation suspension	6,705,774 L.L
L01ED03	ALECENSA	B	Alectinib - 150mg	150mg	Capsule, hard	L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
C05CA54	GINKOR FORT	B	Heptaminol HCl - 0.300g, Troxerutine - 0.300g, Ginkgo biloba extract - 0.014g		Capsule	681,328 L.L
C10AA07	CRESTOR	B	Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	804,962 L.L
G04CA04	SILOSIN	B	Silodosine - 4mg	4mg	Capsule	1,251,693 L.L
J01MA23	BAXDELA	B	Delafloxacin - 300mg	300mg	Injectable concentrate for solution	78,349,010 L.L
R03BA01	CLENIL 250 MCG SPRAY	B	Beclometasone dipropionate - 250mcg/actuation	250mcg/actuation	Inhalation solution	1,166,455 L.L
A02BC05	NEXIUM	B	Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, gastroresistant	1,005,194 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
C05CX	TANAKAN	B	Ginkgo biloba - 40mg	40mg	Tablet, film coated	600,698 L.L
C09CA08	OLMETEC	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg	20mg	Tablet, film coated	888,280 L.L