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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,685,178 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 100mg 100mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
R03AK10 RELVAR ELLIPTA B Vilanterol (trifenatate) - 25mcg/dose, Fluticasone furoate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 3,928,052 L.L
C05BX01 DOXIUM B Calcium dobesilate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 2,151,492 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
G04CA01 XATRAL XL B Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,061,636 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 851,100 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,521,230 L.L
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
R03AK12 ZEPHIRUS B Salmeterol - 20mcg, Budesonide - 120mcg Capsule, inhalation 1,412,378 L.L
S01AD09 VIRGAN B Ganciclovir - 1.5mg/g 1.5mg/g Gel 804,962 L.L
C05BX01 DOXIUM B Calcium dobesilate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,323,685 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 4% 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
L01EX07 CABOMETYX B Cabozantinib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 424,098,997 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 200mg 200mg Suppository 235,172 L.L
R03AK12 ZEPHIRUS B Salmeterol - 20mcg, Budesonide - 240mcg Capsule, inhalation 1,678,459 L.L
C05BX51 DOXIPROCT B Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Lidocaine HCl - 2% Ointment 610,104 L.L
C09CA07 MICARDIS B Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 760,615 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,226,096 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard 124,450,304 L.L
S01AE01 OFLOX B Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 0.3% Drops solution 366,869 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 10,000 B Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U Capsule 1,835,689 L.L
C05BX51 DOXIPROCT PLUS B Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Dexamethasone acetate - 0.0025%, Lidocaine HCl - 2% Ointment 489,159 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR MR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,555,018 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 124,450,304 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
S01AE01 OFLOX B Ofloxacin - 0.3% 0.3% Drops solution 366,869 L.L
L01XG02 KYPROLIS B Carfilzomib - 60mg 60mg Injectable powder for solution L.L
A02BC04 PARIET B Rabeprazole (sodium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 779,429 L.L
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