Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	186,167 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	205,703 L.L
B05CX01	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP	G	Glucose - 5%	5%	Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	236,731 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	211,449 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	236,731 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	264,311 L.L
B05BC01	SOLUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP	G	Mannitol - 20g/100ml	20g/100ml	Injectable solution	603,320 L.L
P01AB01	SOLUFLEX METRONIDAZOLE	G	Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml	500mg/100ml	Injectable solution	162,541 L.L
N02BE01	SOLUFLEX PARACETAMOL	G	Paracetamol - 1g/100ml	1g/100ml	Injectable solution	211,175 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq/l		Injectable solution	232,134 L.L
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 40meq/l		Injectable solution	293,041 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l		Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	218,344 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	203,405 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	179,272 L.L
R05CB06	SOLVAMUC SR	G	Ambroxol - 75mg	75mg	Capsule	276,448 L.L
H01CB03	SOMATULINE AUTOGEL	B	Lanreotide (acetate) - 90mg	90mg	Injectable solution	48,383,450 L.L
H01CB03	SOMATULINE AUTOGEL	B	Lanreotide (acetate) - 120mg	120mg	Injectable solution	57,492,826 L.L
N06BX06	SOMAZINA	B	Citicoline - 1000mg/sachet	1000mg/sachet	Solution	974,286 L.L
N06BX06	SOMAZINA	B	Citicoline (sodium) - 1,000mg/4ml	1,000mg/4ml	Injectable solution	787,492 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	2,154,180 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	1,053,573 L.L
M01AC02	SORAL	G	Tenoxicam - 20mg/2ml	20mg/2ml	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+solvent	588,603 L.L
C07AA07	SOTALOL BIOGARAN	G	Sotalol hydrochloride - 160mg	160mg	Tablet, scored	357,462 L.L
C07AA07	SOTALOL BIOGARAN	G	Sotalol hydrochloride - 80mg	80mg	Tablet, scored	288,926 L.L