Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N01AX10	DORMIFOR	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	1,081,473 L.L
N01AX10	PROPOFOL 1% MCT/LCT FRESENIUS	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	847,965 L.L
R06AB02	HISTAMED	G	Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 1%	1%	Gel	477,384 L.L
D06BX01	CUTIDERMINE	G	Metronidazole - 1%	1%	Gel	593,850 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N01BB02	? 1% LIDOCAINE HCL USP	G	Lidocaine HCl - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	76,791 L.L
N01BB02	CHLORHYDRATE DE LIDOCAINE RENAUDIN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 10mg/ml	1%	Injectable solution	591,291 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL	G	Lidocaine HCl - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,787,950 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMAPHARM	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Shampoo	195,817 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Lotion	167,660 L.L
H01CB05	SIGNIFOR	B	Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.9mg/ml	0.9mg/ml	Injectable solution	183,846,008 L.L
L01FB01	BESPONSA FOR INJECTION	BioTech	Inotuzumab Ozogamicin - 0.9mg	0.9mg	Injectable powder for suspension	921,176,511 L.L
H01AB01	THYROGEN	BioHuman	Thyrotropin alfa - 0.9mg	0.9mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	65,558,997 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,182,581 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,419,098 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	567,102 L.L
R01AX	ISOTONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Solution	153,582 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	145,946 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	151,692 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	164,333 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	688,359 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	144,797 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	209,151 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	181,570 L.L
B05XA03	0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	141,349 L.L