Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	0.1%	Injectable solution	397,777 L.L
A16AX	BICANORM	G	Sodium bicarbonate - 1000mg	1000mg	Tablet, gastroresistant	2,623,181 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
C08CA01	HYPODIPINE 5	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	362,837 L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
D04AA32	DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1%		Cream	560,382 L.L
J01AA02	DOXYLAG	G	Doxycycline (HCl) - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	174,700 L.L
J01DH02	ROPENEM 1000 BENTA	G	Meropenem (trihydrate) - 1000mg	1g	Injectable powder for solution	995,723 L.L
J05AF10	AVIRAVIR	G	Entecavir monohydrate - 0.5mg	0.5mg	Tablet, film coated	32,224,230 L.L
L01DC01	BLEO-CELL	G	Bleomycin (sulfate) - 15mg	15mg	Injectable powder for solution	3,054,554 L.L
M01AB05	DICLOGESIC 12.5 CHILDREN	G	Diclofenac sodium - 12.5mg	12.5mg	Suppository	83,318 L.L
N01AX10	DORMIFOR	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	1,081,473 L.L
N05CD08	MIDAZOLAM NORMON.	G	Midazolam - 5mg/5ml	5mg/5ml	Injectable solution	618,168 L.L
P02CF01	IVER	G	Ivermectin - 6mg	6mg	Tablet	431,373 L.L
R06AD02	PROMETAL	G	Promethazine - 25mg	25mg	Tablet	194,537 L.L
V07AB01	STERILE WATER FOR IRRIGATION	G	Water for Irrigation -		Water for injection, irrigation	203,481 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE I.V. 0.25 MG.	G	Atropine - 0.25mg/ml	0.25mg/ml	Injectable solution	2,412,129 L.L
A10BA02	DIANORM XR 500	G	Metformin HCl - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated, extended release	349,399 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	236,731 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE C	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.33g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 204.54g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LOTENSE	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Capsule	388,370 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
D04AA32	HISTERGAN	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 2%	2%	Cream	546,944 L.L
J01AA02	FARMODOXI	G	Doxycycline (hyclate) - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	310,428 L.L
J05AF10	ENTECAVIR ARROW	G	Entecavir - 0.5mg	0.5mg	Tablet, coated	18,701,506 L.L
L01EA01	CEMIVIL	G	Imatinib - 400mg	400mg	Tablet, film coated	41,106,321 L.L
N01AX10	PROPOFOL 1% MCT/LCT FRESENIUS	G	Propofol - 1%	1%	Injectable emulsion	847,965 L.L
N03AX14	KEPCITAM	G	Levetiracetam - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	2,933,608 L.L
N05CD08	MIDAZOLAM PANPHARMA	G	Midazolam - 5mg/5ml	5mg/5ml	Injectable solution	697,454 L.L
P02CF01	IVERMECTIN BENTA	G	Ivermectin - 6mg	6mg	Tablet	784,548 L.L