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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE BIOGARAN G Eplerenone - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,849,127 L.L
C10AA07 PMS-ROSUVASTATIN G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 564,414 L.L
J01DD01 CLAFOCARE G Cefotaxime (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 8,031,731 L.L
J01RA MEDSPIRAGYL G Metronidazole - 125mg, Spiramycin - 750,000IU Tablet, scored 474,824 L.L
L01AX03 TEMOZOLOMIDE GP PHARM G Temozolomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,153,017 L.L
N02BE51 MAXIFEN G Paracetamol - 325mg, Ibuprofen - 400mg Tablet, scored 225,254 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE 25 G Quetiapine fumarate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,233,647 L.L
N06DA02 DONEPEZIL/ GENEPHARM G Donepezil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,779,247 L.L
R03DC03 MONTELUKAST-SANDOZ G Montelukast (sodium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,034,714 L.L
A06AX05 CONSTIPRIDE G Prucalopride succinate - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,015,764 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE ARROW G Eplerenone - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,744,308 L.L
C10AA07 CONSIVAS 10 G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 450,187 L.L
D10AE01 BENZAC AC G Benzoyl peroxide - 10g/100g 10% Gel 416,591 L.L
G04CA02 APO-TAMSULOSIN CR G Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet 607,417 L.L
J01DD02 NEGACEF G Ceftazidime (pentahydrate) - 1g 1g Injectable dry powder for solution 4,421,242 L.L
J01RA SPIRAGYL FORTE G Metronidazole - 250mg, Spiramycin - 1,500,000IU Tablet, scored 474,824 L.L
L01AX04 DACARBAZINE MEDAC G Dacarbazine - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 15,866,076 L.L
M03AC09 ROCUCELL G Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 3,633,494 L.L
N02BE51 GENTLE RELIEF G Paracetamol - 325mg, Ibuprofen - 400mg, Famotidine - 20mg Tablet 184,106 L.L
N05AH04 QUETIAPINE/ GENEPHARM G Quetiapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,569,608 L.L
N06DA02 DONEPEZIL/ GENEPHARM G Donepezil - 5mg 5mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,634,112 L.L
S01FA06 TROPICIL TOP G Tropicamide - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Drops solution 200,233 L.L
A07AA02 MEDISTAN G Nystatin - 500,000IU 500,000IU Capsule 417,231 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
C03DA04 EPLERENONE ARROW G Eplerenone - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,744,308 L.L
C09CA04 GIZLAN G Irbesartan - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 768,678 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUCOR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
D10AE01 BENZAC AC G Benzoyl peroxide - 5g/100g 5% Gel 388,370 L.L
    ...
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