Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L04AB04	ADALIREL	BioTech	Adalimumab - 40mg	40mg	Injectable solution	15,102,158 L.L
C05BB02	AETHOXYSKLEROL	B	Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5%	0.5%	Injectable solution	1,441,943 L.L
C05BB02	AETHOXYSKLEROL	B	Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,732,213 L.L
C05BB02	AETHOXYSKLEROL	B	Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3%	3%	Injectable solution	2,576,146 L.L
L04AC07	ACTEMRA	BioTech	Tocilizumab - 162mg/0.9ml	162mg/0.9ml	Injectable solution	79,959,812 L.L
L01BC01	ALEXAN	G	Cytarabine - 100mg/5ml	100mg/5ml	Injectable solution	388,370 L.L
L01BC01	ALEXAN	G	Cytarabine - 1,000mg/20ml	1,000mg/20ml	Injectable solution	2,848,946 L.L
N02BG06	ACUPAN	B	Nefopam HCl - 20mg	20mg	Injectable solution	365,525 L.L
N02CD01	AIMOVIG	BioTech	Erenumab - 70mg/ml	70mg/ml	Injectable solution	35,423,371 L.L
A10AB01	ACTRAPID	BioTech	Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	752,552 L.L
A10AB01	ACTRAPID	BioTech	Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	752,552 L.L
A10AB06	APIDRA SOLOSTAR	BioTech	Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	3,942,834 L.L
A10AB06	APIDRA	BioTech	Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml	100IU/ml	Injectable solution	2,221,372 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU	10000IU	Injectable solution	4,036,903 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU	10,000IU	Injectable solution	10,661,285 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU	4000IU	Injectable solution	8,728,144 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU	4000IU	Injectable solution	1,127,036 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU	4000IU	Injectable solution	4,748,244 L.L
B03XA01	ALPEEN	BioTech	Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU	40,000IU	Injectable solution	11,210,836 L.L
M05BA08	ACLASTA	B	Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 5mg/100ml	5mg/100ml	Injectable solution	21,075,062 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%	20%	Injectable solution	7,154,928 L.L
B05AA01	ALBUTEIN	BioHuman	Human Albumin - 20%		Injectable solution	4,031,528 L.L
M01AB05	ALMIRAL	G	Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml	75mg/3ml	Injectable solution	415,247 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN 10%	B	Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l		Injectable solution	951,440 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	1mg/ml	Injectable solution	702,149 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN	G	Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml	0.1%	Injectable solution	397,777 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE I.V. 0.25 MG.	G	Atropine - 0.25mg/ml	0.25mg/ml	Injectable solution	2,412,129 L.L
A03BA01	ATROPINE	G	Atropine sulfate - 0.5mg/ml	0.5mg/ml	Injectable solution	680,315 L.L