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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01BC05 GEMCITABINE NEAPOLIS G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 1,490,321 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCITABINE THYMOORGAN G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 1,617,986 L.L
L01BC05 GEMNIL G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 1,128,828 L.L
N02BE51 GENTLE RELIEF G Paracetamol - 325mg, Ibuprofen - 400mg, Famotidine - 20mg Tablet 184,106 L.L
A10BA02 GLUCOBAS G Metformin - 850mg 850mg Tablet 217,575 L.L
L01BC05 GEMTABINE 200 G Gemcitabine HCl - 200mg 200mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 1,343,843 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN 850 G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet, film coated 316,123 L.L
A10BA02 GLYFORMIN G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet 391,058 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCI-CELL G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g/Vial 1g/Vial Injectable concentrate for solution 9,326,123 L.L
A10BA02 GLYSTOR G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet, film coated 454,347 L.L
C09DA04 GIZLAN-PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 395,090 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCITABIN EBEWE G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable concentrated solution 7,512,674 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCITABINE NEAPOLIS G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1000mg 1000mg Injectable powder for solution 4,942,653 L.L
G01AF04 GYNO-MIKOZAL G Miconazole nitrate - 200mg 200mg Ovule 503,941 L.L
L01BC05 GEMCITABINE THYMOORGAN G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 5,843,027 L.L
G01AF04 GYNO-MIKOZAL G Miconazole nitrate - 400mg 400mg Ovule 302,365 L.L
L01BC05 GEMNIL G Gemcitabine (HCl) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 3,369,013 L.L
L01BC05 GEMTABINE 1000 G Gemcitabine HCl - 1,000mg 1,000mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 4,882,628 L.L
C09DA04 GIZLAN-PLUS G Irbesartan - 300mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 768,678 L.L
A10BA02 GLUCOBAS G Metformin - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet 302,045 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 750 G Metformin HCl - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 500,421 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg 1,000mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 579,772 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 10IU/ml 10IU/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 626,231 L.L
G02AX GYNOCIN G Oxytocin - 5IU/0.5ml 5IU/0.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 313,115 L.L
A10BA02 GLUFORIN XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
A10BB01 GLIBENCLAMIDE G Glibenclamide - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 340,440 L.L
A10BB01 GLIBENCLAMIDE G Glibenclamide - 5mg 5mg Tablet 326,362 L.L
A10BB09 GLYZIDE G Gliclazide - 80mg 80mg Tablet 534,849 L.L
A10BB12 GLIM G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
D01BA01 GRISEOFULVIN G Griseofulvin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, scored 575,933 L.L
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