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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L03AX13 GLITAXON G Glatiramer acetate - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 10,146,988 L.L
N02AX02 MABRON G Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 146,479 L.L
N06AB06 SOLOTIK G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 616,824 L.L
R02A CHLORASEPTIC TOTAL SORE THROAT + COUGH LOZENGES WILD CHERRY G Benzocaine - 6mg, Dextromethorphan - 5mg, Menthol - 10mg Lozenge 537,537 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE ARROW G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 454,219 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 576,508 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 160 G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 668,082 L.L
C10AA05 LORVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,253,805 L.L
D08AC52 CYTEAL Solution Antiseptique G Chlorhexidine digluconate - 0.5ml/100ml, Hexamidine - 0.1g/100ml, Chlorocresol - 0.3g/100ml Solution 616,977 L.L
G04BE08 TALYS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 275,680 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM STRAGEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 897,687 L.L
J01MA02 CEFLOXINE G Ciprofloxacin - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml Injectable solution 1,134,203 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMADOL ARROW G Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 318,491 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRALINE BIOGARAN G Sertraline HCl - 25mg 25mg Capsule 130,353 L.L
R02AA05 GOLASEPTINE-LIDOCAINE G Chlorhexidine HCl - 5mg, Lidocaine HCl - 1mg Tablet, chewable 736,426 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE VIANEX G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 467,657 L.L
A07EC02 SALCROZINE G Mesalazine - 1000mg 1000mg Suppository 2,306,034 L.L
A10BX02 REPAGLINIDE ARROW LAB G Repaglinide - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 831,839 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 320 G Valsartan - 320mg 320mg Tablet, film coated 1,338,467 L.L
C10AA05 ORBALIP G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet 1,405,275 L.L
D08AX01 EAU OXYGENEE 10/120 G Hydrogen peroxide - 10V 10V Solution 119,026 L.L
G04BE08 TYRA G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,369,376 L.L
J01CR05 PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM STRAGEN G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 7,820,986 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml (2mg/ml) Injectable solution 9,908,924 L.L
J07BC01 HEPATITIS-B VACCINE (r DNA) PAEDIATRIC G Hepatitis B, purified surface antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide (Al+++) (0.25mg to 0.40mg) - 10mcg/0.5ml 10mcg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 646,388 L.L
L01EG02 EVEROLIMUS ARROW G Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet 88,257,720 L.L
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