Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
J01DD04	LEBACEF	G	Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 0.5g	0.5g	Injectable powder for solution	3,455,595 L.L
J01DD04	LEBACEF	G	Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 0.5g	0.5g	Injectable powder for solution+diluent	511,940 L.L
J01DD04	LEBACEF	G	Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 0.5g	0.5g	Injectable powder for solution+diluent	511,940 L.L
S01BA14	LOTEMAX	B	Loteprednol etabonate - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops suspension	1,038,790 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
C01AA05	LANOXIN	B	Digoxin - 0.25mg	0.25mg	Tablet	215,015 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
S01EE03	LUMIGAN	B	Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml	0.1mg/ml	Drops solution	740,457 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
C01AA05	LANOXIN PG	B	Digoxin - 0.05mg/ml	0.05mg/ml	Elixir	307,740 L.L
S01GX02	LEVOPHTA	B	Levocabastine HCl - 0.5mg/ml	0.05%	Suspension	682,672 L.L
D07XC01	LOTRIDERM	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g		Cream	408,528 L.L
N02AJ14	LENIZAK	B	Tramadol HCl - 75mg, Dexketoprofen - 25mg		Tablet, film coated	494,534 L.L
J07CA	LANTIGEN B	B	Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (antigenic extracts) - 63.2A.U./ml, Streptococcus pyogenes group A (antigenic extracts) - 126.2A.U./ml, Branhamella catarrhalis (antigenic extracts) - 39.9A.U./ml, Staphylococcus aureus (antigenic extracts) - 79.6A.U./ml, Haemophilus influenzae type b (antigenic extracts) - 50.2A.U./ml, Klebsiella pneumoniae (antigenic extracts) - 39.8A.U./ml		Drops suspension	916,501 L.L
G04BE30	LIF-DOL	B	Yohimbin HCl - 3.3mg, Thiamine - 5.5mg, Cyanocobalamine - 0.015mg, Ferrous fumarate - 50mg, Sildenafil citrate - 10mg		Tablet, coated	231,653 L.L
C09DA01	LOSANET-H	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet	395,474 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ARROW LAB	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet, film coated	470,345 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BGR	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet, coated	439,436 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE REMEDICA	G	Losartan potassium - 50mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet, film coated	635,638 L.L
C09DA01	LOSANET-H FORTE	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet	395,474 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ARROW LAB	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet, film coated	470,345 L.L
C09DA01	LOSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BGR	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg		Tablet, coated	439,436 L.L
S01CA02	LOXTRA	G	Prednisolone acetate - 2mg/ml, Tetrahydrozoline HCl - 0.4mg/ml, Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml		Drops suspension	423,310 L.L