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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN G Glucose monohydrate - 462mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 3,835,326 L.L
B05BA10 OLIMEL N9E B Glucose solution - 27.5%, Amino acids solution - 14.2%, Lipid emulsion - 20%, Sodium - 70mmol/2l, Potassium - 60mmol/2l, Magnesium - 8mmol/2l, Calcium - 7mmol/2l, Phosphate - 30mmol/2l, Acetate - 107mmol/2l, Chloride - 90mmol/2l, Azote - 18g/2l Injectable emulsion 5,496,316 L.L
D02AX GLYCERINE G Glycerol - Liquid 163,821 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ADULTE G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
R05X COLDIN G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
R05X COLD-MED G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
C05AE01 RECTOGESIC G Glyceryl trinitrate - 0.2% w/w 0.2% w/w Ointment 2,553,301 L.L
C01DA02 NITRODERM TTS 5 B Glyceryl trinitrate - 5mg/24h 5mg/24h Patch 654,183 L.L
A03AB02 GLYCOPYRROLATE B Glycopyronium Bromide - 0.2mg/ml 0.2mg/ml Injectable solution 7,238,185 L.L
R03BB06 SEEBRI BREEZHALER B Glycopyronium Bromide - 50mcg 50mcg Capsule, inhalation 2,687,685 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 50mg/0.5ml 50mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX LA B Goserelin (acetate) - 10.8mg 10.8mg Injectable suspension L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX LA B Goserelin (acetate) - 10.8mg 10.8mg Injectable suspension 35,121,328 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX DEPOT B Goserelin (acetate) - 3.6mg 3.6mg Injectable suspension 8,820,074 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 2,765,628 L.L
A04AA02 KYTRIL B Granisetron (HCl) - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,711,693 L.L
A04AA02 NEOSET G Granisetron (HCl) - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable solution 405,840 L.L
A04AA02 GRANI-DENK G Granisetron - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 893,655 L.L
A04AA02 SANCUSO G Granisetron - 3.1mg/24h 3.1mg/24h Patch 7,590,728 L.L
A04AA02 GRANI-DENK G Granisetron - 3mg/3ml 3mg/3ml Injectable concentrate for solution 1,679,803 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL NOURRISSON G Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg Suppository 496,170 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL ENFANT G Grindelia extract - 20mg, Gelsenium extract - 10mg Suppository 575,270 L.L
J07BB02 INFLUVAC B Grippal virus surface antigen 3strains - 15mcgx3strains/0.5ml Injectable suspension 573,821 L.L
D01BA01 GRISEOFULVIN G Griseofulvin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, scored 575,933 L.L
R05CA03 MUCINEX G Guaifenesin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, extended release 749,864 L.L
L04AC16 TREMFYA BioTech Guselkumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 190,195,151 L.L
L04AC16 TREMFYA BioTech Guselkumab - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 190,195,151 L.L
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