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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M04AA01 APO-ALLOPURINOL G Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 331,929 L.L
N02CC04 RIZATRIPTAN ARROW G Rizatriptan - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,182,581 L.L
N06DX01 MEMORA G Memantine HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,593,413 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL NOURRISSON G Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg Suppository 496,170 L.L
A03BB01 ? HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE G Hyoscine butylbromide - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 70,392 L.L
A10BA02 METFORKEY G Metformin HCl - 850mg 850mg Tablet, extended release 357,462 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 149,393 L.L
C07BB03 ATONIUM PLUS G Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 50mg Tablet 738,473 L.L
D01AE15 LAMINOX G Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g 10mg/g Cream 453,067 L.L
J01DD08 WINEX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,307,559 L.L
J02AC03 VORICONAZOLE STRAGEN G Voriconazole - 200mg 200mg Tablet, coated 40,202,793 L.L
L01CA04 EBERELBIN G Vinorelbine (tartrate) - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 6,834,783 L.L
L01XA01 CISPLATINE VIATRIS 1MG/ML G Cisplatin - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 396,936 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE NEAPOLIS G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule 68,908,116 L.L
N02CC05 ALMOVITAE G Almotriptan - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
N07AA01 METHYL SULFATE DE NEOSTIGMINE RENAUDIN G Neostigmine methyl sulfate - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Injectable solution 467,657 L.L
R05 EXALL FORTE G Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2.5mg, Guaifenesin - 100mg, Acetaminophen - 100mg, Diprophylline - 25mg Syrup 501,701 L.L
A03CA02 FLUDINIUM G Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Trifluoperazine HCl - 1mg Capsule 386,515 L.L
A10BB01 GLIBENCLAMIDE G Glibenclamide - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 340,440 L.L
A16AX BICANORM G Sodium bicarbonate - 1000mg 1000mg Tablet, gastroresistant 2,623,181 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
D01AE15 TERAFAN G Terbinafine HCl - 1% 1% Cream 499,142 L.L
H02AB04 METHYL PREDNISOLONE VIATRIS 1G G Methylprednisolone (hemisuccinate) - 1g 1g Injectable dry powder for solution 1,297,233 L.L
J01DD13 CEFODOX G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 100mg 100mg Tablet 434,061 L.L
L01XA01 CIPINTU G Cisplatin - 50mg/50ml 50mg/50ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,206,771 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE OHRE PHARMA G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule 32,045,727 L.L
M04AA01 ALLOPURINOL BIOGARAN G Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 212,327 L.L
N05AX08 DEPIA ORAL SOLUTION G Risperidone - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Solution 1,510,223 L.L
N07AA01 NEOSTIGMINE RENAUDIN G Neostigmine - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 2,460,576 L.L
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