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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C05BX51 DOXIPROCT PLUS B Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Dexamethasone acetate - 0.0025%, Lidocaine HCl - 2% Ointment 489,159 L.L
D07AD01 DERMOVATE B Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g 0.05% w/w Ointment 290,270 L.L
D07AD01 DECLOBAN G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
D07XC01 DIPROSALIC B Salicylic acid - 30mg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g Ointment 352,087 L.L
R01AA07 DECOZAL G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1% 0.1% Metered dose spray 147,823 L.L
R01AA07 DECOZAL G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05% 0.05% Metered dose spray 155,886 L.L
R01AA07 DECOZAL G Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05% 0.05% Metered dose spray 108,851 L.L
H02AB01 DIPROFOS B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml Injectable suspension 446,156 L.L
H02AB04 DEPO MEDROL B Methylprednisolone acetate - 40mg/ml 40mg/ml Injectable suspension 182,763 L.L
H02AB04 DEPO MEDROL B Methylprednisolone acetate - 80mg/2ml 80mg/2ml Injectable suspension 365,525 L.L
J07CA11 DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS,PERTUSSIS, HEPATITIS B AND HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATE VACCINE B Diphteria Toxoid1 - ?25Lf (?30IU)/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid1 - ?2.5Lf (?40IU)/0.5ml, Bordetella pertussis (Whole cell) - ?16OU (?4.0IU)/0.5ml, HBs Antigen (r DNA)1 - ?10mcg/0.5ml, H. Influenza type b, purified capsular polysaccharide2 - 10mcg/0.5ml, 1 adsorbed on aluminium phosphate, Al+++ - ?1.25mg , 2 conjugated to tetanos toxoid carrier protein - Injectable suspension 1,515,854 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 195,361 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 224,565 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 185,340 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE INJECTION 5% G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 212,797 L.L
L01FC01 DARZALEX BioTech Daratumumab - 1800mg 1800mg Injectable solution 494,909,963 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 179,456 L.L
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