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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
H02AB02 DEXAMETHASONE MEDIS G Dexamethasone Phosphate - 4mg/1ml 4mg/1ml Injectable solution 1,154,361 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
A10BA02 DIANORM XR 500 G Metformin HCl - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, extended release 349,399 L.L
N05AL07 DISLEP G Levosulpiride - 25mg 25mg Tablet 1,690,682 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 130,545 L.L
N05AX08 DEPIA ORAL SOLUTION G Risperidone - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Solution 1,510,223 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 2mg 2mg Tablet 199,657 L.L
N05AX08 DEPIA G Risperidone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 307,164 L.L
A03FA03 DOMPERIDONE BIOGARAN G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated 116,914 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 3mg 3mg Tablet 261,089 L.L
N05AX08 DEPIA G Risperidone - 4mg 4mg Tablet, scored 499,142 L.L
S01XA18 DRYFREE G Ciclosporin - 0.05% 0.05% Drops 2,257,655 L.L
A03FA03 DOMIDONE CHAPHA SUGAR FREE G Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 319,963 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL ACCORD G Docetaxel - 80mg/4ml 80mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 15,099,641 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 80mg/8ml 80mg/8ml Injectable solution 19,518,281 L.L
A10BB12 DIAMERIL G Glimepiride - 4mg 4mg Tablet 322,522 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL GP PHARM G Docetaxel - 40mg/ml 80mg/2ml Injectable concentrated solution+diluent 16,777,239 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL SPC G Docetaxel - 80mg/4ml 80mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 16,906,027 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL ACCORD G Docetaxel - 20mg/ml 20mg/1ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,110,814 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 189,262 L.L
D04AA32 DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING G Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1% Cream 560,382 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 5,313,553 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL GP PHARM G Docetaxel - 40mg/ml 20mg/0.5ml Injectable concentrated solution+diluent 4,567,721 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,894 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 198,578 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 226,036 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
A10BD02 DIAMET 500/5 G Metformin HCl XR - 500mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg Tablet, film coated 639,925 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
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