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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A02BC05 ESSIUM G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 314,459 L.L
A02BC05 SOLEZOL G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 301,021 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole sodium - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 5,254,424 L.L
A02BC05 ESAC G Esomeprazole sodium - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 430,030 L.L
G03CA03 OESTRODOSE B Estradiol (17 bêta estradiol anhydre) - 0.06% 0.06% Gel 642,357 L.L
G03CA03 VAGIFEM G Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 10mcg 10mcg Tablet 2,254,968 L.L
G03CA03 ESTROFEM B Estradiol (hemihydrate) - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
G03CA03 MONTADIOL G Estradiol - 0.01% 0.01% Cream 1,105,982 L.L
G03CA03 OESTRACLIN G Estradiol - 0.6mg/g 0.6mg/g Gel 448,843 L.L
G03CC06 GYNOFLOR B Estriol - 0.03mg, Lactobacillus acidophillus - 10 MIU Tablet 813,025 L.L
N05CF04 INDUCTAL G Eszopiclone - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 1,411,035 L.L
N05CF04 INDUCTAL G Eszopiclone - 3mg 3mg Tablet, film coated 1,693,242 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml 250mg Injectable solution 482,439 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,311,590 L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg 25mg Injectable solution 28,768,353 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 25mg 25mg Injectable solution 24,770,928 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 27,383,989 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 5,085,100 L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 52,197,598 L.L
L04AB01 ENBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 52,197,598 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 56,780,638 L.L
L04AB01 ERELZI BioTech Etanercept - 50mg 50mg Injectable solution 39,269,439 L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/1ml 50mg/1ml Injectable solution L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/1ml 50mg/1ml Injectable solution 14,833,767 L.L
L04AB01 ETANERREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 9,756,719 L.L
G03HB01 DIANE '35' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.035mg, Cyproterone acetate - 2mg Tablet 494,534 L.L
G03AA09 MARVELON B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Desogestrel - 0.15mg Tablet 319,835 L.L
G03AB03 MICROGYNON '30' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Levonorgestrel - 0.15mg Tablet, sugar coated 145,135 L.L
G02BA NUVARING B Etonogestrel - 0.12mg/day, Ethinylestradiol - 0.015mg/day Ring 1,052,229 L.L
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