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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D01AC02 DAKTARIN B Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Cream 231,141 L.L
D01AC14 DERMOFIX B Sertaconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 2% Cream 382,995 L.L
D04AA32 DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING G Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1% Cream 560,382 L.L
D05AX52 DAIVOBET B Calcipotriol - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone - 0.5mg/g Gel 2,100,426 L.L
D06AX DERMOTRACIN G Neomycin sulfate - 165.000IU/150ml, Bacitracin - 15.500IU/150ml Powder 737,770 L.L
D06AX01 DERMICIN G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g 20mg/g Cream 175,339 L.L
D06AX01 DERMOFUCIN G Fusidic acid - 2% 2% Cream 290,270 L.L
D07AC01 DIPROSONE B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g 0.05% Cream 291,614 L.L
D07AD01 DERMOVATE B Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g 0.05% w/w Cream 290,270 L.L
D07AD01 DECLOBAN G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 302,045 L.L
D07AD01 DERMASONE G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 119,026 L.L
D07AD01 DERMOVATE B Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.5mg/g 0.05% w/w Ointment 290,270 L.L
D07AD01 DECLOBAN G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Ointment 302,045 L.L
D07XA01 DAKTACORT B Hydrocortisone - 10mg/g, Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g Cream 208,296 L.L
D07XC01 DIPROSALIC B Salicylic acid - 30mg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g Ointment 352,087 L.L
D10AD03 DIFFERIN B Adapalene - 0.1g/100g 0.1% Cream 521,411 L.L
D10AD03 DIFADERM G Adapalene - 0.1% 0.1% Gel 414,671 L.L
D10AD03 DIFFERIN B Adapalene - 0.1g/100g 0.1% Gel 503,941 L.L
D10AD03 DIFADERM G Adapalene - 0.3% 0.3% Gel 952,208 L.L
D10AF51 DUAC ONCE DAILY B Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5% Gel 1,658,302 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
D11AX18 DILO G Diclofenac sodium - 8% 8% Spray 502,981 L.L
G01AF DERMOFIX GYNO OVULE G Sertaconazole nitrate - 300mg 300mg Ovule 790,996 L.L
G02CB03 DOSTINEX B Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 415,247 L.L
G02CB03 DOSTINEX B Cabergoline - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 1,628,737 L.L
G03DA04 DARSTIN G Progesterone - 10mg/g 10mg/g Gel 380,307 L.L
G03DB01 DUPHASTON B Dydrogesterone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 935,314 L.L
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