Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
S01BA07	OPTILONE	G	Fluorometholone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	309,084 L.L
S01BA04	PRED FORTE	B	Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml	1%	Drops suspension	260,705 L.L
S01BA04	PRED FORTE	B	Prednisolone acetate - 10mg/ml	1%	Drops suspension	260,705 L.L
S01BA01	DEXAFREE	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 1mg/ml	1mg/ml	Drops solution	563,070 L.L
S01BA01	DEXAFREE	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 1mg/ml	1mg/ml	Drops solution	563,070 L.L
S01BA01	OZURDEX	B	Dexamethasone - 700mcg	700mcg	Implant	80,696,540 L.L
S01BA01	OZURDEX	B	Dexamethasone - 700mcg	700mcg	Implant	80,696,540 L.L
S01AE07	VIGAMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 5mg/ml	5mg/ml	Drops solution	670,577 L.L
S01AE07	MOXITEC	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 5mg/ml	5mg/ml	Drops solution	464,970 L.L
S01AE07	FORTYMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops solution	772,709 L.L
S01AE07	IMOX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	464,970 L.L
S01AE07	AROX	G	Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Drops	423,310 L.L
S01AE06	TYMER	G	Gatifloxacin (sesquihydrate) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	427,342 L.L
S01AE03	CILOXAN	B	Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	348,055 L.L
S01AE02	NAFLOX	G	Norfloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops	370,901 L.L
S01AE01	OFLOX	B	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	0.3%	Drops solution	366,869 L.L
S01AE01	OFLOX	B	Ofloxacin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	366,869 L.L
S01AE01	OPTIFLOX	G	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops suspension	143,791 L.L
S01AE01	FLOXIGEN	G	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	358,806 L.L
S01AE01	FLOXEDOL	G	Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Gel	339,992 L.L
S01AD09	VIRGAN	B	Ganciclovir - 1.5mg/g	1.5mg/g	Gel	804,962 L.L
S01AA26	AZYTER	G	Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 15mg/g	15mg/g	Drops solution	412,560 L.L
S01AA23	NETTACIN	B	Netilmicin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	681,328 L.L
S01AA23	NETTACIN	B	Netilmicin - 0.3%	0.3%	Ointment	593,978 L.L
S01AA13	FUCITHALMIC VISCOUS	B	Fusidic acid - 10mg/g	1%	Drops	373,588 L.L
S01AA13	OPTIFUCIN VISCOUS	G	Fusidic acid - 1%	1%	Drops	208,296 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRASTILL	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	258,018 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Ointment	280,863 L.L
S01AA09	TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT	G	Tetracycline HCl - 1%	1%	Ointment	71,672 L.L