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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J05AP55 EPCLUSA B Sofosbuvir - 400mg, Velpatasvir - 100mg Tablet, film coated 954,137,511 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) TWIN BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
B05DA EXTRANEAL (ICODEXTRIN 7.5%) SINGLE BAG B Sodium lactate - 4.5g/l, Magnesium Chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.257g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.4g/l, Icodextrin - 75.0 g/l Injectable solution 1,998,025 L.L
A10BD21 ENFORZA B Saxagliptin HCl - 5mg, Dapagliflozin - 10mg Tablet, film coated 6,072,824 L.L
L04AC19 ENSPRYNG BioTech Satralizumab - 120mg/ml 120mg/ml Injectable solution 857,061,795 L.L
M05BX06 EVENITY BioTech Romosozumab - 105mg/1.17ml 105mg/1.17ml Injectable solution 56,729,091 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,949,372 L.L
M03AC09 ESMERON B Rocuronium bromide - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable solution 4,750,483 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 10 B Rivastigmine - 9.5mg/24h 9.5mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 5 B Rivastigmine - 4.6mg/24h 4.6mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 15 B Rivastigmine - 13.3mg/24h 13.3mg/24h Patch 7,582,922 L.L
M09AX10 EVRYSDI B Risdiplam - 0.75mg/ml 0.75mg/ml Powder 865,644,067 L.L
A07BA51 EUCARBON B Rhubarbe - 25mg, Sulfur - 50mg, Senna - 105mg, Vegetal charcoal - 180mg Tablet 795,555 L.L
G03XC01 EVA TABLET G Raloxifene HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet 1,354,081 L.L
G03DA04 ENDOMETRIN B Progesterone - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,776,379 L.L
N01BB54 EMLA B Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g 5% Cream 1,763,121 L.L
A12BA01 EURO-K G Potassium chloride - 1.5g 1.5g Tablet, sustained release 894,999 L.L
D11AH02 ELIDEL B Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g 1% Cream 1,780,591 L.L
N03AB02 EPANUTIN B Phenytoin sodium - 100mg 100mg Capsule 739,113 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, effervescent scored 215,015 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 215,015 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 3% 3% Solution 163,949 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, film coated 129,009 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 1g 1g Tablet, effervescent 129,009 L.L
L01CD01 EBETAXEL G Paclitaxel - 30mg/5ml 30mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,983,330 L.L
L01CD01 EBETAXEL G Paclitaxel - 150mg/25ml 150mg/25ml Injectable concentrated solution 15,457,059 L.L
L01XA03 ELOXATIN B Oxaliplatin - 50mg/10ml 50mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 4,930,558 L.L
A08AB01 ELIZA 120 G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,711,159 L.L
A02BC01 ESELAN G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,073,549 L.L
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