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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 71,647,217 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 68,908,116 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 75,120,146 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 14,449,637 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule, hard 15,241,884 L.L
L04AX04 LENALIDOMIDE SPC G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard 87,161,381 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard 15,343,847 L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 25mg 25mg Capsule, hard L.L
L04AX04 LENOMA G Lenalidomide - 15mg 15mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard L.L
D01AC12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 2g/100g 2% Cream 729,154 L.L
D01AE15 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g 1% Cream 616,824 L.L
D01AE15 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g 1% Cream 616,824 L.L
D01AE15 LAMIFEN G Terbinafine HCl - 1% 1% Cream 321,178 L.L
D01AE15 LAMINOX G Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g 10mg/g Cream 453,067 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07XC01 LOTRIDERM B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g Cream 408,528 L.L
S01ED51 LOPROSTAN G Timolol - 5mg/ml, Latanoprost - 50?g/ml Drops 768,678 L.L
S01EA05 LUMIFY B Brimonidine tartrate - 0.025% Drops solution 1,888,099 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
S01XA20 LUBRI-TEARS G Carmellose sodium - 2mg Drops solution 792,867 L.L
S01CA02 LOXTRA G Prednisolone acetate - 2mg/ml, Tetrahydrozoline HCl - 0.4mg/ml, Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml Drops suspension 423,310 L.L
J07CA LANTIGEN B B Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (antigenic extracts) - 63.2A.U./ml, Streptococcus pyogenes group A (antigenic extracts) - 126.2A.U./ml, Branhamella catarrhalis (antigenic extracts) - 39.9A.U./ml, Staphylococcus aureus (antigenic extracts) - 79.6A.U./ml, Haemophilus influenzae type b (antigenic extracts) - 50.2A.U./ml, Klebsiella pneumoniae (antigenic extracts) - 39.8A.U./ml Drops suspension 916,501 L.L
S01BA14 LOTEMAX B Loteprednol etabonate - 0.5% 0.5% Drops suspension 1,038,790 L.L
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