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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,726,838 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN ARROW GENERIGUES G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
N02CC03 ZOLMITRIPTAN BIOGARAN G Zolmitriptan - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, orodispersible 921,876 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
N06AB06 ZOLOFT B Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Tablet, scored 596,666 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Powder for suspension 258,018 L.L
J01FA10 ZOMAX G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 360,150 L.L
M05BA08 ZOMETA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 13,697,658 L.L
L02BG03 ZORTEX G Anastrozole - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 1,944,092 L.L
J05AB01 ZOVIRAX B Aciclovir - 200mg/5ml 200mg/5ml Suspension 487,815 L.L
J05AB01 ZOVIRAX IV B Aciclovir - 250mg 250mg Injectable freeze dried substance 2,146,116 L.L
L01BC07 ZYDROME G Azacitidine - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder 10,967,854 L.L
A10BD15 ZYGLOMET XR 10/1000 G Dapagliflozin - 10mg, Metformin HCl XR - 1000mg Tablet, film coated 2,467,295 L.L
A10BD15 ZYGLOMET XR 5/1000 G Dapagliflozin - 5mg, Metformin HCl XR - 1000mg Tablet, film coated 2,578,386 L.L
A10BK01 ZYGLOR 10 G Dapagliflozin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,039,953 L.L
M04AA01 ZYLORIC B Allopurinol - 100mg 100mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
M04AA01 ZYLORIC B Allopurinol - 300mg 300mg Tablet 302,365 L.L
C10BA06 ZYMPASS B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,138,053 L.L
C10BA06 ZYMPASS B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,482,077 L.L
C10BA06 ZYMPASS B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 40mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,482,077 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA B Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,197,364 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA B Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,197,364 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA B Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,468,820 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA B Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,468,820 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA VELOTAB B Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, dispersible 2,607,054 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA VELOTAB B Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, dispersible 2,607,054 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA VELOTAB B Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, dispersible 5,214,109 L.L
N05AH03 ZYPREXA VELOTAB B Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, dispersible 5,214,109 L.L
R06AE07 ZYRTEC B Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 593,978 L.L
R06AE07 ZYRTEC B Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 1% 1% Drops 170,668 L.L
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